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popular daily

Толкование Перевод

1 presse

presse [pʀεs]

feminine noun

a. ( = institution) press

• la presse à grand tirage the popular press

• la presse écrite the press

• c'est dans toute la presse it's in all the papers

• la presse périodique periodicals

• presse régionale regional press

• presse féminine/automobile women's/car magazines

• presse à scandale gutter press

• avoir bonne/mauvaise presse to be well/badly thought of

• agence/conférence de presse press agency/conference

b. ( = machine) press

• mettre sous presse [+ livre] to send to press ; [+ journal] to put to bed

* * *
pʀɛs
1.

nom féminin

1) ( journaux) press; ( journalistes) press; ( magazines) magazines (pl)

que dit la presse? — what do the papers say?

avoir bonne/mauvaise presse — fig to be well/not well thought of ( auprès de among)

2) ( machine à presser) press

3) ( machine à imprimer) press

mettre sous presse — to send [something] to press

être mis sous presse — to go to press

‘sous presse’ — ‘in preparation’

2.

presses nom féminin pluriel ( maison d'édition) press (sg)

* * *
pʀɛs nf
1) (= média) press

les représentants de la presse — representatives of the press

avoir bonne presse — to get a good press

avoir mauvaise presse — to get a bad press

être sous presse — to have gone to press

mettre sous presse — to send to press

2) (= affluence)

heures de presse — busy times

* * *

presse

A nf

1 ( journaux) press; ( journalistes) press; ( magazines) magazines (pl); presse écrite/économique written/economic press; article de presse press article; présenter à or devant la presse to present to the press; convoquer la presse to summon the press; presse automobile/féminine/du cœur motoring GB ou car US/women's/romantic magazines; avoir bonne/mauvaise presse to be well/not well thought of (auprès among); que dit la presse? what do the papers say?; ⇒ grand;

2 ( machine à presser) press; presse hydraulique/de 100 tonnes hydraulic/100-ton press; presse à la main/à vis/mécanique hand/screw/power press; presse à relier/à emboutir holding/stamping press;

3 ( machine à imprimer) press; presse à cylindres or rotative cylinder press; presse à bras hand press; presse à platine platen press; mettre sous presse to send [sth] off to press; être mis sous presse to go to press; ‘sous presse’ ‘in preparation’;

4 ( hâte) dans les moments de presse when things get busy.

B presses nfpl ( maison d'édition) press (sg).

[prɛs] nom féminin

1. [journaux, magazines etc]

la presse (écrite) the press, the papers

presse féminine/financière/sportive women's/financial/sports magazines

presse à sensation ou à scandale popular press, gutter press ≃ tabloids

la presse d'opinion the quality newspapers

presse quotidienne régionale local daily press

avoir bonne/mauvaise presse

a. (sens propre) to have a good/bad press

b. (figuré) to be well/badly thought of

2. IMPRIMERIE press

être mis sous presse to go to press

au moment où nous mettons sous presse at the time of going to press

sortir de presse to come out

presse rotative rotary press

3. AGRICULTURE & MÉCANIQUE & TEXTILES press

MENUISERIE bench vice

presse à forger forging machine

presse hydraulique/mécanique hydraulic/power press

presse monétaire coining press

4. œNOLOGIE winepress

5. (littéraire) [foule, bousculade] press, throng

————————

de presse locution adjectivale

1. [campagne, coupure, attaché] press (modificateur)

2. (soutenu) [moment, période] peak (avant nom)

nous avons des moments de presse we get very busy at times

PRESSE

The main newspapers in France are:

l'Équipe: a popular daily sports newspaper;

le Figaro: a quality broadsheet newspaper (it has a predominantly conservative readership);

France-Dimanche: a popular weekend broadsheet with a tendency to sensationalism;

France-Soir: a conservative broadsheet newspaper;

l'Humanité ("l'Huma"): a quality daily broadsheet (it is the organ of the French Communist Party);

Libération ("Libé"): a quality daily tabloid. (with a predominantly left-of-centre readership);

le Monde: aquality broadsheet newspaper which appears in the evening (its readership is predominantly left-of-centre).

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > presse
2 Boulevardzeitung

f popular newspaper; kleinformatige: tabloid

* * *
Bou|le|vard|zei|tung
f
popular daily (Brit), tabloid (auch pej)
* * *

Boule·vard·zei·tung

f tabloid

* * *

die (abwertend) popular rag (derog.); tabloid

* * *

Boulevardzeitung f popular newspaper; kleinformatige: tabloid

* * *

die (abwertend) popular rag (derog.); tabloid

* * *

f.

tabloid newspaper n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Boulevardzeitung
3 Boulevardblatt

n popular newspaper, rag umg.; kleinformatiges: tabloid

* * *
Bou|le|vard|blatt
nt (inf)
popular daily, tabloid (auch pej)
* * *

Boule·vard·blatt

nt (fam) tabloid

* * *

das s. Boulevardzeitung

* * *

Boulevardblatt n popular newspaper, rag umg; kleinformatiges: tabloid

* * *

das s. Boulevardzeitung

* * *

n.

tabloid newspaper n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Boulevardblatt
4 formiddagsavis

subst. tabloid, popular daily

Norsk-engelsk ordbok > formiddagsavis
5 Media

   The purpose of the media during the Estado Novo (1926-74) was to communicate official government policy. Therefore, the government strictly censored newspapers, magazines, and books. Radio and television broadcasting was in the hands of two state-owned companies: Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP). The first TV broadcasts aired in March 1957, and the official state visit of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain to Portugal was featured. The only independent broadcasting company during the Estado Novo was the Catholic Church's Radio Renascença. Writers and journalists who violated the regime's guidelines were severely sanctioned. Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, censorship was relaxed somewhat, and writers were allowed to publish critical and controversial works without fear of punishment. Caetano attempted to "speak to the people" through television. Daily program content consisted of little more than government-controlled (and censored) news programs and dull documentaries.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, censorship was abolished. As the revolution veered leftward, some sectors of the media were seized by opponents of the views they expressed. The most famous case was the seizure of Radio Renascença by those who sought to bring it into line with the drift leftward. State ownership of the media was increased after 25 April 1974, when banks were nationalized because most banks owned at least one newspaper. As the Revolution moderated and as banking was privatized during the 1980s and 1990s, newspapers were also privatized.

   The history of two major Lisbon dailies illustrates recent cycles of Portuguese politics and pressures. O Século, a major Lisbon daily paper was founded in 1881 and was influenced by Republican, even Masonic ideas. When the first Republic began in 1910, the editorials of O Século defended the new system, but the economic and social turmoil disillusioned the paper's directors. In 1924, O Século, under publisher João Pereira da Rosa, called for political reform and opposed the Democratic Party, which monopolized elections and power in the Republic. This paper was one of the two most important daily papers, and it backed the military coup of 28 May 1926 and the emergent military dictatorship. Over the history of the Estado Novo, this paper remained somewhat to the left of the other major daily paper in Lisbon, Diário de Notícias, but in 1972 the paper suffered a severe financial crisis and was bought by a Lisbon banker. During the more chaotic times after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, O Século experienced its own time of turmoil, in which there was a split between workers and editors, firings, resignations, and financial trouble. After a series of financial problems and controversy over procommunist staff, the paper was suspended and then ceased publication in February 1977. In the 1990s, there was a brief but unsuccessful attempt to revive O Século.

   Today, the daily paper with the largest circulation is Diário de Notícias of Lisbon, which was established in 1883. It became the major daily paper of record, but after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, like O Século, the paper suffered difficulties, both political and financial. One of its editors in the "hot" summer of 1975 was José Saramago, future Nobel Prize winner in literature, and there was an internal battle in the editorial rooms between factions. The paper was, like O Século, nationalized in 1976, but in 1991, Diário de Notícias was reprivatized and today it continues to be the daily paper of record, leading daily circulation.

   Currently, about 20 daily newspapers are published in Portugal, in Lisbon, the capital, as well as in the principal cities of Oporto, Coimbra, and Évora. The major Lisbon newspapers are Diário de Notícias (daily and newspaper of record), Publico (daily), Correia da Manha (daily), Jornal de Noticias (daily), Expresso (weekly), The Portugal News (English language weekly), The Resident (English language weekly), and Get Real Weekly (English language).

   These papers range from the excellent, such as Público and the Diário de Notícias, to the sensationalistic, such as Correio da Manhã. Portugal's premier weekly newspaper is Expresso, founded by Francisco Balsemão during the last years of Marcello Caetano's governance, whose modern format, spirit, and muted criticism of the regime helped prepare public opinion for regime change in 1974. Another weekly is O Independente, founded in 1988, which specializes in political satire. In addition to these newspapers, Portugal has a large number of newspapers and magazines published for a specific readership: sports fans, gardeners, farmers, boating enthusiasts, etc. In addition to the two state-owned TV channels, Portugal has two independent channels, one of which is operated by the Catholic Church. TV programming is now diverse and sophisticated, with a great variety of programs of both domestic and foreign content. The most popular TV programs have been soap operas and serialized novels ( telenovelas) imported from Brazil. In the 1990s, Portugal attempted to produce its own telenovelas and soap operas, but these have not been as popular as the more exotic Brazilian imports.

    See also Cinema; Oliveira, Manoel de.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Media
6 práctica

adj.

1 practical (estudio, formación).

2 skillful, experienced, expert (person).

3 practical; handy (tool); convenient (casa).

f.

1 a skilful pilot.

2 practice, training.

3 policy.

* * *

práctica

► nombre femenino

1 practice

2 (habilidad) skill

► nombre femenino plural prácticas

1 practical sing

■ ahora que he aprobado la teórica puedo pasar a las prácticas now that I've passed the theory I can move on to the practical

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en la práctica in practice

llevar a la práctica to put into practice

* * *
1. noun f.
practice
2. f., (m. - práctico)
* * *

SF

1) [de actividad] practice

aprender con la práctica — to learn by practice

la práctica hace al maestro — practice makes perfect

llevar algo a la práctica, poner algo en práctica — to put sth into practice

en la práctica — in practice

práctica de riesgo — high-risk practice

práctica establecida — standard practice

prácticas restrictivas (de la competencia) — restrictive practices

2) pl prácticas (=aprendizaje) [gen] practice sing, training sing ; [de profesor] teaching practice sing ; [de laboratorio] experiments

hacer prácticas — to do one's training

hacer prácticas de clínica — to do one's hospital training

contrato en prácticas — work experience placement

estudiantes en prácticas — students doing work experience

período de prácticas — (practical) training period

prácticas de tiro — target practice

prácticas en empresa — work experience

prácticas profesionales — professional training, practical training ( for a profession)

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( en actividad) practice; ( en trabajo) experience

le falta práctica — he needs practice

se aprende con la práctica — it comes with practice

tiene mucha práctica — he's had a lot of practice

perder la práctica — to be out of practice

b) ( profesión) practicing*

abandonó la práctica del derecho — she gave up practicing law

es aconsejable la práctica de algún deporte — it's advisable to play o do some sport

2) ( aplicación) practice

en la práctica — in practice

poner algo en práctica or llevar algo a la práctica — to put something into practice

3) prácticas femenino plural

a) (clase, sesión práctica)

prácticas de tiro — target practice

las prácticas de Anatomía — the anatomy practicals

b) ( de maestro) teaching practice

4) ( costumbre) practice

esta operación es hoy una práctica habitual — this operation is now common practice

* * *

= practice, observance, practising [practicing, -USA], drill practice, discourse, praxes [praxis, -sing.], run-through.

Ex. This practice ensures that a later match can be achieved between the document and its description.

Ex. Because of the need to preserve cartographic documents for present and future generations, map librarians are obliged to guarantee strict observance of conservation requirements.

Ex. The practicing of writing it is deadly dull and therefore has minimum permanent effect.

Ex. No reinforcement drill practice was given to the control group.

Ex. The institutional 'traditional student' discourse in the USA is one of fraternity parties and breaking free of parental control.

Ex. The process of hybridization consists, first of all, of borrowing and lending concepts, methods, theories, and praxes = El proceso de hibridación se compone, en principio, de los conceptos, métodos, teorías y praxis del préstamo.

Ex. This article will provide a brief run-through of some strategies for giving staff and users what they need and expect.

----

* adquirido con la práctica = experiential.

* aprender con la práctica = learn by + doing.

* basado en la práctica = empirically-based, grounded in practice, practice-based.

* beca de prácticas = in-service training.

* buenas prácticas = best practices.

* clase de prácticas = practical.

* código de buenas prácticas = code of practice, code of good practice.

* colección de prácticas = laboratory collection.

* comprobación en la práctica real = field test.

* comprobar en la práctica real = field-test.

* comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice.

* conservar la práctica de = keep + Posesivo + hands in.

* cuaderno de prácticas = resource book.

* curso mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich course.

* ejercicio y práctica = drill and practice.

* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].

* en la práctica = in action, in practice, in practical terms, in implementation.

* en la práctica real = in actual practice.

* en la puesta en práctica = in implementation.

* en prácticas = trainee.

* estar falto de práctica = get + rusty.

* falto de práctica = rusty [rustier -comp., rustiest -sup.].

* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.

* formación en prácticas = in-service.

* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.

* libro de prácticas = resource book.

* llevar a la práctica = practise [practice, -USA], put into + practice, put into + practical effect, carry out, put into + effect.

* llevar a la práctica una decisión = implement + decision.

* orientado hacia la práctica = practice-oriented.

* partiendo de la práctica = practice-led.

* período de prácticas = work placement, training attachment.

* período de prácticas en centros = practicum.

* período de prácticas en la industria = industrial placement.

* persona en prácticas = trainee, intern.

* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.

* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.

* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.

* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.

* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.

* práctica bibliotecaria = library practice.

* práctica cada vez más frecuente = growing practice.

* práctica clínica = clinical practice.

* práctica común = common practice.

* práctica común, la = normal pattern, the.

* práctica cotidiana = daily practice.

* práctica de música = music-making.

* práctica diaria = daily practice.

* práctica popular = lore.

* práctica real = actual practice.

* práctica religiosa = religious practice.

* prácticas comerciales = business practices.

* prácticas de campo = fieldwork [field work].

* prácticas ilegales = unlawful practices.

* prácticas más adecuadas = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* práctica social = meme.

* prácticas sexuales = sexual mores.

* profesor en prácticas = in-service teacher.

* programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.

* programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.

* puesta en práctica = enforcement, execution, implementation, operationalisation [operationalization, -USA].

* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.

* teoría y práctica = policy and practice.

* trabajar como persona en prácticas = intern.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( en actividad) practice; ( en trabajo) experience

le falta práctica — he needs practice

se aprende con la práctica — it comes with practice

tiene mucha práctica — he's had a lot of practice

perder la práctica — to be out of practice

b) ( profesión) practicing*

abandonó la práctica del derecho — she gave up practicing law

es aconsejable la práctica de algún deporte — it's advisable to play o do some sport

2) ( aplicación) practice

en la práctica — in practice

poner algo en práctica or llevar algo a la práctica — to put something into practice

3) prácticas femenino plural

a) (clase, sesión práctica)

prácticas de tiro — target practice

las prácticas de Anatomía — the anatomy practicals

b) ( de maestro) teaching practice

4) ( costumbre) practice

esta operación es hoy una práctica habitual — this operation is now common practice

* * *

= practice, observance, practising [practicing, -USA], drill practice, discourse, praxes [praxis, -sing.], run-through.

Ex: This practice ensures that a later match can be achieved between the document and its description.

Ex: Because of the need to preserve cartographic documents for present and future generations, map librarians are obliged to guarantee strict observance of conservation requirements.

Ex: The practicing of writing it is deadly dull and therefore has minimum permanent effect.

Ex: No reinforcement drill practice was given to the control group.

Ex: The institutional 'traditional student' discourse in the USA is one of fraternity parties and breaking free of parental control.

Ex: The process of hybridization consists, first of all, of borrowing and lending concepts, methods, theories, and praxes = El proceso de hibridación se compone, en principio, de los conceptos, métodos, teorías y praxis del préstamo.

Ex: This article will provide a brief run-through of some strategies for giving staff and users what they need and expect.

* adquirido con la práctica = experiential.

* aprender con la práctica = learn by + doing.

* basado en la práctica = empirically-based, grounded in practice, practice-based.

* beca de prácticas = in-service training.

* buenas prácticas = best practices.

* clase de prácticas = practical.

* código de buenas prácticas = code of practice, code of good practice.

* colección de prácticas = laboratory collection.

* comprobación en la práctica real = field test.

* comprobar en la práctica real = field-test.

* comunidad de prácticas comunes = community of practice.

* conservar la práctica de = keep + Posesivo + hands in.

* cuaderno de prácticas = resource book.

* curso mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich course.

* ejercicio y práctica = drill and practice.

* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].

* en la práctica = in action, in practice, in practical terms, in implementation.

* en la práctica real = in actual practice.

* en la puesta en práctica = in implementation.

* en prácticas = trainee.

* estar falto de práctica = get + rusty.

* falto de práctica = rusty [rustier -comp., rustiest -sup.].

* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.

* formación en prácticas = in-service.

* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.

* libro de prácticas = resource book.

* llevar a la práctica = practise [practice, -USA], put into + practice, put into + practical effect, carry out, put into + effect.

* llevar a la práctica una decisión = implement + decision.

* orientado hacia la práctica = practice-oriented.

* partiendo de la práctica = practice-led.

* período de prácticas = work placement, training attachment.

* período de prácticas en centros = practicum.

* período de prácticas en la industria = industrial placement.

* persona en prácticas = trainee, intern.

* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.

* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.

* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.

* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.

* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.

* práctica bibliotecaria = library practice.

* práctica cada vez más frecuente = growing practice.

* práctica clínica = clinical practice.

* práctica común = common practice.

* práctica común, la = normal pattern, the.

* práctica cotidiana = daily practice.

* práctica de música = music-making.

* práctica diaria = daily practice.

* práctica popular = lore.

* práctica real = actual practice.

* práctica religiosa = religious practice.

* prácticas comerciales = business practices.

* prácticas de campo = fieldwork [field work].

* prácticas ilegales = unlawful practices.

* prácticas más adecuadas = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* práctica social = meme.

* prácticas sexuales = sexual mores.

* profesor en prácticas = in-service teacher.

* programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.

* programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.

* puesta en práctica = enforcement, execution, implementation, operationalisation [operationalization, -USA].

* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.

* teoría y práctica = policy and practice.

* trabajar como persona en prácticas = intern.

* * *

práctica

feminine

A

1 (en una actividad) practice; (en un trabajo) experience

le falta práctica he needs practice

se aprende con la práctica you learn by practice, it comes with practice

tiene mucha práctica he's had a lot of practice

he perdido la práctica I'm out of practice

necesita ayuda mientras va adquiriendo práctica he needs to be helped while he's gaining experience

la práctica hace maestro practice makes perfect

2 (ejercicio) practicing*

abandonó la práctica del derecho para hacer política she gave up practicing law to go into politics

es aconsejable la práctica de algún deporte it's advisable to play o do some sport

B (aplicación) practice

en la práctica in practice

poner algo en práctica or llevar algo a la práctica to put sth into practice

C prácticas fpl

1

(clase, sesión práctica): prácticas de tiro target practice

las prácticas de Anatomía the anatomy practicals

2 (de un maestro) teaching practice

la escuela donde hice (las) prácticas the school where I did my teaching practice

3 ( Esp) ( Rels Labs) work during which one gains experience and further training

hice las prácticas en la clínica de la Paz I did my internship ( AmE) o ( BrE) my houseman year at the la Paz hospital

contrato en prácticas work-experience contract

D (costumbre) practice

son prácticas muy extendidas en esta zona these practices o customs are widespread in this area

esta operación es hoy una práctica habitual en la medicina this operation is common practice in medicine today

* * *

Del verbo practicar: ( conjugate practicar)

practica es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
practicar
práctica
practicar ( conjugate practicar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹idioma/pieza musical› to practice^{( conjugate practice)};

‹ tenis› to play;
◊ práctica la natación to swim;

no practica ningún deporte he doesn't play o do any sport(s)
b) ‹ profesión› to practice^{( conjugate practice)}

2 (frml) (llevar a cabo, realizar) ‹corte/incisión› to make;
‹autopsia/operación› to perform, do;
‹redada/actividad› to carry out;
‹ detenciones› to make
verbo intransitivo ( repetir) to practice^{( conjugate practice)};
( ejercer) to practice^{( conjugate practice)}
práctica sustantivo femenino
1
a) ( en actividad) practice;

( en trabajo) experience;
◊ perder la práctica to be out of practice

b) ( de profesión) practicing^{( conjugate practicing)}

2 ( aplicación) practice;
◊ en la práctica in practice;

poner algo en práctica or llevar algo a la práctica to put sth into practice
3
◊ prácticas sustantivo femenino plural (de Anatomía, Química) practicals (pl);

( de maestro) teaching practice;
◊ prácticas de tiro target practice

4 ( costumbre) practice
practicar
I verbo transitivo
1 (una profesión) to practise, US practice
2 (una actividad) to play, practise: deberías practicar el tenis más a menudo, you should play tennis more regularly
3 (una operación, etc) to carry out, do, perform: tuvieron que practicarle una autopsia, they had to perform a post mortem on him
4 Rel to practise
II verbo intransitivo to practise: si quieres hablar bien el inglés, debes practicar más, if you want to speak good English, you must practise more ➣ Ver nota en practise
práctico,-a
I adjetivo
1 (un objeto) handy, useful
2 (una persona, disciplina) practical
II m Náut pilot
práctica sustantivo femenino
1 (actividad) practice
2 (aplicación) poner algo en práctica, to put sthg into practice
3 (costumbre) una práctica habitual, a common practice
4 (aprendizaje, formación) prácticas, teaching practice
5 Educ (clases no teóricas) practicals, US labs: por la mañana tiene prácticas de química, in the morning he has chemistry practicals ➣ Ver nota en practise
' práctica' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
continuismo
- costumbre
- docencia
- marcha
- vela
- ejercicio
- equitación
- instrucción
- perder
- practicar
English:
action
- code
- current
- excel
- feasible
- follow up
- hate
- implement
- insider dealing
- insider trading
- observance
- practically
- practice
- practise
- run-through
- rusty
- turn
- convenient
- malpractice
- mock
- practical
- protection
- teaching

* * *

práctica nf

1. [experiencia] practice;

te hace falta más práctica you need more practice;

con la práctica adquirirás más soltura you'll become more fluent with practice;

esto es algo que se aprende con la práctica it comes with practice

2. [ejercicio] practice;
[de un deporte] playing;
se dedica a la práctica de la medicina she practices medicine;

me han recomendado la práctica de la natación I've been advised to go swimming

3. [aplicación] practice;

llevar algo a la práctica, poner algo en práctica to put sth into practice;

en la práctica in practice

4. [clase no teórica] practical;

prácticas de laboratorio lab sessions

5.
prácticas [laborales] training;

contrato en prácticas work-experience contract

6. [costumbre] practice;

ser práctica establecida to be standard practice

* * *

práctica

f practice;

en la práctica in practice;

llevar a la práctica, poner en práctica put into practice;

perder la práctica get out of practice;

tener práctica en algo have experience in sth;

prácticas pl work experience sg ;

hacer prácticas do a work placement

* * *

práctica nf

1) : practice, experience

2) ejercicio: exercising

la práctica de la medicina: the practice of medicine

3) aplicación: application, practice

poner en práctica: to put into practice

4) prácticas nfpl

: training

* * *

práctica n practice

te hace falta más práctica you need more practice

poner en práctica to put into practice

Spanish-English dictionary > práctica
7 caprichoso

adj.

capricious, cranky, erratic, fickle.

* * *

caprichoso

► adjetivo

1 capricious, whimsical, fanciful

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 whimsical person

* * *

ADJ

1) [persona] capricious

2) [idea, novela etc] whimsical, fanciful

* * *
I
- sa adjetivo

a) ( inconstante) <carácter/persona> capricious; <tiempo/moda> changeable

formas caprichosas — fanciful shapes

b) (difícil, exigente) fussy
II
- sa masculino, femenino

es un caprichoso — ( es inconstante) he's always changing his mind; (es difícil, exigente) he's so fussy

* * *

= capricious, whimsical, wayward, fickle, wanton, faddish, flighty [flightier -comp., flightiest -sup.], faddy [faddier -comp., faddies -sup.].

Ex. Panizzi introduced what seemed to his critics unwarranted and capricious complications calculated to make the catalog much more difficult for the librarian to prepare and the reader to use.

Ex. This slightly off-balance, whimsical remark was a Marsha James' trademark.

Ex. The article 'The wayward scholar: resources and research in popular culture' defends popular culture as a legitimate and important library resource.

Ex. The rise and dramatic fall of E-businesses is a testimony of the fickle electronic commerce (E-commerce) market.

Ex. The book focuses on images where hideous atrocities -- e.g., murder, blasphemy, wanton destruction and even cannibalism -- are shown to be part of the daily life of the common people of Paris during the revolution.

Ex. Whilst, presumably, a set of standards for the conduct of reference work, the document is in fact a hodgepodge shaped by faddish misconceptions.

Ex. 'Anyway, to make a long story short, Huish said he knows Lisa has been a little flighty at times'.

Ex. These emotions will have a knock-on effect on the child and may, in the case of the faddy eater, cause the situation to deteriorate.

----

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de modo caprichoso = capriciously.

* * *
I
- sa adjetivo

a) ( inconstante) <carácter/persona> capricious; <tiempo/moda> changeable

formas caprichosas — fanciful shapes

b) (difícil, exigente) fussy
II
- sa masculino, femenino

es un caprichoso — ( es inconstante) he's always changing his mind; (es difícil, exigente) he's so fussy

* * *

= capricious, whimsical, wayward, fickle, wanton, faddish, flighty [flightier -comp., flightiest -sup.], faddy [faddier -comp., faddies -sup.].

Ex: Panizzi introduced what seemed to his critics unwarranted and capricious complications calculated to make the catalog much more difficult for the librarian to prepare and the reader to use.

Ex: This slightly off-balance, whimsical remark was a Marsha James' trademark.

Ex: The article 'The wayward scholar: resources and research in popular culture' defends popular culture as a legitimate and important library resource.

Ex: The rise and dramatic fall of E-businesses is a testimony of the fickle electronic commerce (E-commerce) market.

Ex: The book focuses on images where hideous atrocities -- e.g., murder, blasphemy, wanton destruction and even cannibalism -- are shown to be part of the daily life of the common people of Paris during the revolution.

Ex: Whilst, presumably, a set of standards for the conduct of reference work, the document is in fact a hodgepodge shaped by faddish misconceptions.

Ex: 'Anyway, to make a long story short, Huish said he knows Lisa has been a little flighty at times'.

Ex: These emotions will have a knock-on effect on the child and may, in the case of the faddy eater, cause the situation to deteriorate.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de modo caprichoso = capriciously.

* * *

caprichoso¹ -sa

adjective

1 (inconstante) ‹carácter/persona› capricious; ‹tiempo/moda› changeable

¡qué niño más caprichoso! what a capricious child! o this child is always changing his mind

las estalactitas presentaban formas caprichosas the stalactites formed fanciful shapes

2 (difícil, exigente) fussy

caprichoso² -sa

masculine, feminine

es un caprichoso (es inconstante) he's so capricious o he's always changing his mind; (es difícil, exigente) he is so fussy

* * *

caprichoso
◊ -sa adjetivo

a) ( inconstante) ‹carácter/persona› capricious;

‹tiempo/moda› changeable
b) (difícil, exigente) fussy

■ sustantivo masculino, femenino:
◊ es un caprichoso ( es inconstante) he's always changing his mind;

(es difícil, exigente) he's so fussy
caprichoso,-a
I sustantivo masculino y femenino mi hermana es una caprichosa, my sister is very impulsive
II adjetivo
1 (antojadizo) whimsical, fanciful
2 (maniático, exigente) fussy
3 (creativo, sin norma) las nubes creaban figuras caprichosas, the clouds made strange shapes
' caprichoso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caprichosa
- mañoso
English:
capricious
- erratic
- flighty
- moody
- whimsical

* * *

caprichoso, -a adj

capricious, impulsive;

actuar de forma caprichosa to act capriciously o impulsively

* * *

caprichoso

adj capricious

* * *

caprichoso, -sa adj

antojadizo: capricious, fickle

Spanish-English dictionary > caprichoso
8 INTRODUCTION

   For a small country perched on the edge of western Europe but with an early history that began more than 2,000 years ago, there is a vast bibliography extant in many languages. Since general reference works with bibliography on Portugal are few, both principal and minor works are included. In the first edition, works in English, and a variety of Portuguese language works that are counted as significant if not always classic, were included. In the second and third editions, more works in Portuguese are added.

   It is appropriate that most of the works cited in some sections of the bibliograpy are in English, but this pattern should be put in historical perspective. Since the late 1950s, the larger proportion of foreign-language works on Portugal and the Portuguese have been in English. But this was not the case before World War II. As a whole, there were more studies in French, with a smaller number in German, Italian, and Spanish, than in English. Most of the materials published today on all aspects of this topic continue to be in Portuguese, but English-language works have come to outnumber the other non-Portuguese language studies. In addition to books useful to a variety of students, a selection of classic works of use to the visitor, tourist, and foreign resident of Portugal, as well as to those interested in Portuguese communities overseas, have been included.

   Readers will note that publishers' names are omitted from some Portuguese citations as well as from a number of French works. There are several reasons for this. First, in many of the older sources, publishers no longer exist and are difficult to trace. Second, the names of the publishers have been changed in some cases and are also difficult to trace. Third, in many older books and periodicals, printers' names but not publishers were cited, and identifying the publishers is virtually impossible.

   Some recommended classic titles for beginners are in historical studies: José Hermano Saraiva, Portugal: A Companion History (1997); A. H. de Oliveira Marques, History of Portugal (1976 ed.), general country studies in two different historical eras: Sarah Bradford, Portugal (1973) and Marion Kaplan, The Portuguese: The Land and Its People (2002 and later editions); political histories, Antônio de Figueiredo, Portugal: Fifty Years of Dictatorship (1975) and Douglas L. Wheeler, Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926) (1978; 1998). On Portugal's Revolution of 25 April 1974 and contemporary history and politics: Kenneth Maxwell, The Making of Portuguese Democracy (1995); Phil Mailer, The Impossible Revolution (1977); Richard A. H. Robinson, Contemporary Portugal: A History (1979); Lawrence S. Graham and Douglas L. Wheeler (eds.), In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences (1983); Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler (eds.), Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and its Antecedents (1979). On contemporary Portuguese society, see Antonio Costa Pinto (ed.), Contemporary Portugal: Politics, Society, Culture (2003).

   Enduring works on the history of Portugal's overseas empire include: C. R. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825 (1969 and later editions); and Bailey W. Diffie and George Winius, The Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580 (1977); on Portugal and the Age of Discoveries: Charles Ley (ed.), Portuguese Voyages 1498-1663 (2003). For a new portrait of the country's most celebrated figure of the Age of Discoveries, see Peter Russell, Prince Henry 'The Navigator': A Life (2000). A still useful geographical study about a popular tourist region is Dan Stanislawski's Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve (1963). A fine introduction to a region of rural southern Portugal is José Cutileiro's A Portuguese Rural Society (1971).

   Early travel account classics are Almeida Garrett, Travels in My Homeland (1987) and William Beckford, Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalha (1969 and later editions). On travel and living in Portugal, see Susan Lowndes Marques and Ann Bridge, The Selective Traveller in Portugal (1968 and later editions); David Wright and Patrick Swift, Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide (1968 and later editions); Sam Ballard and Jane Ballard, Pousadas of Portugal (1986); Richard Hewitt, A Cottage in Portugal (1996);

   Ian Robertson, Portugal: The Blue Guide (1988 and later editions); and Anne de Stoop, Living in Portugal (1995). Fine reads on some colorful, foreign travellers in Portugal are found in Rose Macauley, They Went to Portugal (1946 and later editions) and They Went to Portugal Too (1990). An attractive blend of historical musing and current Portugal is found in Paul Hyland's, Backing Out of the Big World: Voyage to Portugal (1996); Datus Proper's The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal (1992); and Portugal's 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Literature, José Sarmago, writes in Journey through Portugal (2001).

   For aspects of Portuguese literature in translation, see Aubrey F. G. Bell, The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse (1952 edition by B. Vidigal); José Maria Eça de Queirós, The Maias (2007 and earlier editions); and José Sara-mago's Baltasar and Blimunda (1985 and later editions), as well as many other novels by this, Portugal's most celebrated living novelist. See also Landeg White's recent translation of the national 16th century epic of Luis de Camóes, The Lusiads (1997). A classic portrait of the arts in Portugal during the country's imperial age is Robert C. Smith's The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800 (1968).

   For those who plan to conduct research in Portugal, the premier collection of printed books, periodicals, and manuscripts is housed in the country's national library, the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, in Lisbon. Other important collections are found in the libraries of the major universities in Coimbra, Lisbon, and Oporto, and in a number of foundations and societies. For the history of the former colonial empire, the best collection of printed materials remains in the library of Lisbon's historic Geography Society, the Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, Lisbon; and for documents there is the state-run colonial archives, the Arquivo Historico Ultramarino, in Restelo, near Lisbon. Other government records are deposited in official archives, such as those for foreign relations in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, housed in Necessidades Palace, Lisbon.

   For researchers in North America, the best collections of printed materials on Portugal are housed in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; New York Public Library, New York City; Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois; and in university libraries including those of Harvard, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Brown, Indiana, Illinois, University of California at Los Angeles, University of California - Berkeley, University of California - Santa Barbara, Stanford, Florida State, Duke, University of New Hampshire, Durham, University of Toronto, University of Ottawa, McGill, and University of British Columbia. Records dealing with Portuguese affairs are found in U.S. government archives, including, for instance, those in the National Archives and Record Service (NARS), housed in Washington, D.C.

   BIBLIOGRAPHIES

   ■ Academia Portuguesa de História. Guia Bibliográfica Histórica Portuguesa. Vol. I-?. Lisbon, 1954-.

   ■ Anselmo, Antônio Joaquim. Bibliografia das bibliografias portuguesas. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional, 1923.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Portuguese Bibliography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Borchardt, Paul. La Bibliographie de l'Angola, 1500-1900. Brussels, 1912. Chilcote, Ronald H., ed. and comp. The Portuguese Revolution of 25 April 1974. Annotated bibliography on the antecedents and aftermath. Coimbra: Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril, Universidade de Coimbra, 1987. Cintra, Maria Adelaide Valle. Bibliografia de textos medievais portugueses. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filolôgicos, 1960.

   ■ Costa, Mário. Bibliografia Geral de Moçambique. Lisbon, 1945. Coutinho, Bernardo Xavier da Costa. Bibliographie franco-portugaise: Essai d'une bibliographie chronologique de livres français sur le Portugal. Oporto: Lopes da Silva, 1939.

   ■ Diffie, Bailey W. "A Bibliography of the Principal Published Guides to Portuguese Archives and Libraries," Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Luso-Brazilian Studies. Nashville, Tenn., 1953. Gallagher, Tom. Dictatorial Portugal, 1926-1974: A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1979.

   ■ Gibson, Mary Jane. Portuguese Africa: A Guide to Official Publications. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1967. Greenlee, William B. "A Descriptive Bibliography of the History of Portugal." Hispanic American Historical Review XX (August 1940): 491-516. Gulbenkian, Fundação Calouste. Boletim Internacional de Bibliografia Luso-Brasileira. Vol. 1-15. Lisbon, 1960-74.

   ■ Instituto Camoes. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade De Coimbra. Repertorio Bibliografico da Historiografia Portuguesa ( 1974-1994). Coimbra:

   ■ Instituto Camoes; Universidade de Coimbra, 1995. Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar. Bibliografia Da Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar Sobre Ciências Humanas E Sociais. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar, 1975. Kettenring, Norman E., comp. A Bibliography of Theses and Dissertations on Portuguese Topics Completed in the United States and Canada, 1861-1983.

   ■ Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1984. Kunoff, Hugo. Portuguese Literature from Its Origins to 1990: A Bibliography Based on the Collections at Indiana University. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.

   ■ Laidlar, John. Lisbon. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 199. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1997.. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71, rev. ed. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 2000.

   ■ Lomax, William. Revolution in Portugal: 1974-1976. A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1978.

   ■ McCarthy, Joseph M. Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde Islands: A Comprehensive Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1977.

   ■ Moniz, Miguel. Azores. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 221. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1999.

   ■ Nunes, José Lúcio, and José Júlio Gonçalves. Bibliografia Histórico-Militar do Ultramar Portugües. Lisbon, 1956. Pélissier, René. Bibliographies sur l'Afrique Luso-Hispanophone 1800-1890.

   ■ Orgeval, France: 1980. Portuguese Studies. London. 1984-. Annual.

   ■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. No. 1-23 (1976-90). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semiannual.

   ■ Portuguese Studies Review. Vols. 1-9 (1991-2001). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semi-Annual.. Vols. 10- (2002-). Durham, N.H.: Trent University; Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.

   ■ Rocha, Natércia. Bibliografia geral da Literatura Portuguesa para Crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Rogers, Francis Millet, and David T. Haberly. Brazil, Portugal and Other Portuguese-Speaking Lands: A List of Books Primarily in English. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968.

   ■ Santos, Manuel dos. Bibliografia geral ou descrição bibliográfica de livros tantos de autores portugueses como brasileiros e muitos outras nacionalidades, impressos desde o século XV até à actualidade, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1914-25.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. A Bibliography on the Madeira Islands. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1987.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and G. Lavigne. Os portugueses no Canadá: Uma bibliografia ( 1953-1996). Lisbon: Direção-Geral dos Assuntos Consulares e Comunidades Portuguesas, 1998.

   ■ University of Coimbra, Faculty of Letters. Bibliografia Anual de História de Portugal. Vol. 1. [sources published beginning in 1989- ] Coimbra: Grupo de História; Faculdade de Letras; Universidade de Coimbra, 1992-.

   ■ Unwin, P. T. H., comp. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71. Oxford, U.K.: ABC-Clio Press, 1987.

   ■ Viera, David J., et al., comp. The Portuguese in the United States ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1990.

   ■ Welsh, Doris Varner, comp. A Catalogue of the William B. Greenlee Collection of Portuguese History and Literature and the Portuguese Materials in the Newberry Library. Chicago: Newberry Library, 1953.

   ■ Wiarda, Iêda Siqueira, ed. The Handbook of Portuguese Studies. Washington, D.C.: Xlibris, 2000.

   ■ Wilgus, A. Curtis. Latin America, Spain & Portugal: A Selected & Annotated Bibliographical Guide to Books Published 1954-1974. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1977.

   ■ Winius, George. "Bibliographical Essay: A Treasury of Printed Source Materials Pertaining to the XV and XVI Centuries." In George Winius, ed., Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World, 1300-ca. 1600, 373-401. Madison, Wis.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PERIODICALS RELATING TO PORTUGAL

   ■ Africana. Oporto. Semiannual.

   ■ Africa Report. New York. Monthly or bimonthly.

   ■ Africa Today. Denver, Colo. Quarterly.

   ■ Agenda Cultural. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Almanaque do Exército. Lisbon, 1912-40.

   ■ American Historical Review. Washington, D.C. Quarterly.

   ■ Anais da Académia Portuguesa da História. Lisbon.

   ■ Anais das Bibliotecas e Arquivos. Lisbon. Annual.

   ■ Análise do sector público administrativo e empresarial. Lisbon. Quarterly. Análise Social. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese News. Monte Estoril and Lisbon. 1937-2003. Biweekly and weekly.

   ■ Antropológicas. Oporto. 1998-. Semiannual. Anuário Católico de Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.

   ■ Archipélago. Revista do Instituto Universitário dos Açores. Punta Delgado. Semiannual. Architectural Digest. New York. Monthly. Archivum. Paris. Quarterly. Arqueologia. Oporto. Annual.

   ■ Arqueólogo Portugües, O. Lisbon. 1958-. Semiannual Arquivo das Colónias. Lisbon. 1917-33. Arquivo de Beja. Beja. Annual. Arquivo Histórico Portuguez. Lisbon.

   ■ Arquivos da Memória. Lisbon. 1997-. Semiannual.

   ■ Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües [Fundação Gulbenkian, Paris]. Paris. Annual.

   ■ Avante! Lisbon. Portuguese Communist Party. Daily. Biblos. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Boletim da Academia Internacional da Cultura Portuguesa. Lisbon. Boletim da Agência Geral das Colónias. Lisbon.

   ■ Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon Quarterly; Bimonthly.

   ■ Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal. Oporto. Annual.

   ■ Boletim de Estudos Operários. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Boletim do Arquivo Histórico Militar. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Azores Islands. Semiannual. Boletim Geral do Ultramar. Lisbon. Bracara Augusta. Braga. Brigantia. Lisbon. 1990-. Semiannual.

   ■ British Bulletin of Publications on Latin America... Portugal and Spain. London. 1949-. Semiannual. British Historical Society of Portugal. Annual Report and Review. Lisbon. Brotéria. Lisbon. Quarterly. Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises. Paris. Quarterly.

   ■ Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises et de l'Institut Français au Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.

   ■ Cadernos de Arqueologia. Braga. Semiannual and annual. Monographs.

   ■ Cadernos do Noroeste. Braga, University of Minho. Semiannual.

   ■ Camões Center Quarterly. New York.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Clio. Lisbon. 1996-. Annual.

   ■ Clio-Arqueologia. Lisbon. 1983-. Annual.

   ■ Colóquio/ Artes. Lisbon. Gulbenkian Foundation. Quarterly.

   ■ Colóquio/ Letras. Lisbon. Gulbenkian Foundation. Quarterly.

   ■ Conimbriga. Coimbra.

   ■ Cultura. London. Quarterly.

   ■ Democracia e Liberdade. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Dia, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Diário da Assembleia Nacional e Constituente. Lisbon. 1911.

   ■ Diário da Câmara de Deputados. Lisbon. 1911-26.

   ■ Diário de Lisboa. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Diário de Notícias. Lisbon. Daily newspaper of record.

   ■ Diário do Governo. Lisbon. 1910-74.

   ■ Diário do Senado. Lisbon. 1911-26.

   ■ Documentos. Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril. Coimbra. Quarterly.

   ■ E-Journal of Portuguese History. Providence, R.I. Quarterly.

   ■ Economia. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Economia e Finanças. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Economia e Sociologia. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Economist, The. London. Weekly magazine.

   ■ Estratégia Internacional. Lisbon.

   ■ Estudos Contemporâneos. Lisbon.

   ■ Estudos de economia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Estudos históricos e económicos. Oporto. Semiannual.

   ■ Estudos Medievais. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Estudos Orientais. Lisbon, 1990. Semiannual.

   ■ Ethnologia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Ethnologie Française. Paris. Quarterly.

   ■ Ethnos. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ European History Quarterly. Lancaster, U.K., 1970-. Quarterly.

   ■ Expresso. Lisbon. 1973-. Weekly newspaper.

   ■ Facts and Reports. Amsterdam. Collected press clippings.

   ■ Financial Times. London. Daily; special supplements on Portugal.

   ■ Finisterra. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Flama. Lisbon. Monthly magazine.

   ■ Garcia de Orta. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Gaya. Oporto. Semiannual.

   ■ Geographica: Revista da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Hispania. USA. Quarterly.

   ■ Hispania Antiqua. Madrid. Semiannual.

   ■ Hispanic American Historical Review. Chapel Hill, N.C. Quarterly. História. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Iberian Studies. Nottingham, U.K. Quarterly or Semiannual.

   ■ Indicadores económicos. Lisbon. Bank of Portugal. Monthly. Ingenium. Revista da Ordem dos Engenheiros. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ International Journal of Iberian Studies. London and Glasgow, 1987-. Semiannual.

   ■ Illustração Portugueza. Lisbon. 1911-1930s. Magazine. Instituto, O. Coimbra. Annual.

   ■ Itinerário. Leiden (Netherlands). 1976-. Semiannual. Jornal, O. Lisbon. Weekly newspaper. Jornal de Letras, O. Lisbon. Weekly culture supplement. Jornal do Fundão. Fundão, Beira Alta. Weekly newspaper. Journal of European Economic History. Quarterly.

   ■ Journal of Modern History. Chicago, Ill. Quarterly.

   ■ Journal of Southern European Society & Politics. Athens, Greece. 1995-. Quarterly.

   ■ Journal of the American Portuguese Culture Society. New York. 1966-81. Semiannual or annual. Ler História. Lisbon. Quarterly. Lisboa: Revista Municipal. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Lusíada: Revista trimestral de ciência e cultura. Lisbon. 1989-. Three times a year.

   ■ Lusitania Sacra. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Luso-Americano, O. Newark, N.J. Weekly newspaper.

   ■ Luso-Brazilian Review. Madison, Wisc. 1964-. Semiannual.

   ■ Lusotopie. Paris. 1995-. Annual.

   ■ Nova economia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Numismática. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Oceanos. Lisbon. Bimonthly.

   ■ Ocidente. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Olisipo. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Ordem do Exército. Lisbon. 1926-74. Monthly.

   ■ Penélope. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Política Internacional. Lisbon. 1990-. Quarterly.

   ■ Portugal. Annuário Estatístico do Ultramar. Lisbon. 1950-74.

   ■ Portugal em Africa. Lisbon. 1894-1910. Bimonthly.

   ■ Portugal socialista. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Portugália. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Portuguese & Colonial Bulletin. London. 1961-74. Quarterly. Portuguese Studies. London. 1985-. Annual.

   ■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. Durham, N.H. 1976-90. Semiannual.

   ■ Portuguese Studies Review. Durham, N.H. 1991-2001; Trent, Ont. 2002-. Semiannual.

   ■ Portuguese Times. New Bedford, Mass. Weekly newspaper.

   ■ Povo Livre. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Primeiro do Janeiro. Oporto. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Quaderni Portoghesi. Rome. 1974-. Semiannual.

   ■ Race. A Journal of Race and Group Relations. London. Quarterly.

   ■ Recherches en Anthropologie au Portugal. Paris. 1995-. Annual.

   ■ República, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais. Coimbra. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista da Biblioteca Nacional. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Lisbon. Quarterly. Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista da Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Quarterly. Revista de Ciência Política. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Ciências Agrárias. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Economia. Lisbon. 1953-. Three times a year. Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses. Lisbon. Annual. Revista de Estudos Históricos. Rio de Janeiro. Semiannual. Revista de Guimarães. Guimarães. Semiannual. Revista de História. São Paulo, Brazil. Semiannual. Revista de História Económica e Social. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista de Infanteria. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Revista Lusitana. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista Militar. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista Portuguesa de História. Coimbra. Quarterly.

   ■ Revue Geographique des Pyrenees et du Sud-Ouest. Paris. Semiannual.

   ■ Sábado. Lisbon. Weekly news magazine.

   ■ Seara Nova. Lisbon. 1921-. Bimonthly.

   ■ Século, O. Lisbon. Daily Newspaper.

   ■ Selecções do Readers Digest. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Semanário económico. Lisbon. Weekly.

   ■ Setúbal arqueologica. Setúbal. Semiannual.

   ■ Sigila. Paris. 1998-. Semiannual.

   ■ Sintria. Sintra. Annual.

   ■ Sociedade e Território. Revista de estudos urbanos e regionais. Oporto. 1986-. Quarterly.

   ■ Studia. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes. New York. Quarterly.

   ■ Studium Generale. Oporto. Quarterly.

   ■ Tempo, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Tempo e o Modo, O. Lisbon. 1968-74. Quarterly.

   ■ Trabalhos da Sociedade Portuguesa de Antropologia. Oporto. Semiannual.

   ■ Trabalhos de Antropologia E Etnologia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Trabalhos de Arqueologia. Lisbon. Annual.

   ■ Translation. New York. Quarterly.

   ■ Ultramar. Lisbon. 1960-71. Quarterly.

   ■ Veja. São Paulo. Weekly news magazine.

   ■ Veleia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Vida Mundial. Lisbon. Weekly news magazine.

   ■ West European Politics. London. Quarterly.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > INTRODUCTION
9 prensa

f.

1 press.

compro la prensa todos los días I buy the newspapers every day

tener buena/mala prensa (figurative) to have a good/bad press

la prensa amarilla the gutter press, the tabloids

prensa del corazón gossip magazines

la prensa escrita the press

2 printing press (imprenta).

entrar en prensa to go to press

3 press.

4 vise, vice.

5 journalism, press.

6 fourth estate.

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: prensar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: prensar.

* * *

prensa

► nombre femenino

1 (máquina) press; (de imprimir) printing press

2 (periodistas) press; (periódicos) papers plural

■ ¿lees la prensa todos los días? do you read the paper every day?

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar en prensa (libro) to be in the press

tener buena/mala prensa to have a good/bad press

libertad de prensa freedom of the press

* * *

noun f.

1) press

2) printing-press

* * *

SF

1) (=publicaciones)

la prensa — the press, the (news)papers

leer la prensa — to read the (news)papers

salir en la prensa — to appear in the press o (news)papers

tener mala prensa — to have o get a bad press

la prensa amarilla — the gutter press

prensa del corazón — celebrity and gossip magazines pl

prensa roja — Cono Sur sensationalist press specializing in crime stories

prensa rosa — celebrity and gossip magazines pl

2) (=máquina) (Mec, Dep) press; (Tip) printing press; [de raqueta] press

aprobar un libro para la prensa — to pass a book for the printers

dar algo a la prensa — to send sth to the printers

entrar en prensa — to go to press

estar en prensa — to be at the printers

libros en prensa — forthcoming titles
PRENSA DEL CORAZÓN The prensa del corazón is the generic term given in Spain to weekly or fortnightly magazines specializing in society gossip and the social lives of the rich and famous. The pioneer was ¡Hola!, which first appeared in 1944 - Hello! magazine is the English-language version - while other popular titles include Pronto, Lecturas, Semana and Diez Minutos. In recent years TV stations have followed their lead with seemingly more and more celebrity and gossip programmes (programas del corazón) appearing all the time.
* * *

femenino

1)

a) (Period) press

leer/comprar la prensa — to read/buy the papers

la prensa oral — radio and television

la prensa escrita — the press

la prensa deportiva — the sports press

buena/mala prensa — good/bad press

la película tuvo muy buena prensa — the film had a very good press

los ecologistas tienen mala prensa por aquí — ecologists get a bad press around here

b) ( imprenta) (printing) press

estar en prensa — to be in o at the press

c) ( periodistas)

la prensa — the press

asociaciones de la prensa — journalists' o press associations

- prensa amarilla

- prensa del corazón

- prensa roja

2) (Tec) press

•

- prensa hidráulica

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (Period) press

leer/comprar la prensa — to read/buy the papers

la prensa oral — radio and television

la prensa escrita — the press

la prensa deportiva — the sports press

buena/mala prensa — good/bad press

la película tuvo muy buena prensa — the film had a very good press

los ecologistas tienen mala prensa por aquí — ecologists get a bad press around here

b) ( imprenta) (printing) press

estar en prensa — to be in o at the press

c) ( periodistas)

la prensa — the press

asociaciones de la prensa — journalists' o press associations

- prensa amarilla

- prensa del corazón

- prensa roja

2) (Tec) press

•

- prensa hidráulica

* * *

prensa¹

¹ = printing press, printing machine, press [presses, -pl.].

Ex: The place of printing is the location where the printing press is situated, of failing this, the organization acting for it.

Ex: The author list reprographic equipment suitable for use in libraries (copiers, cutting equipment, printing machines, collators, driers).

Ex: Also annual output could be increased by 13-28% without adding more lathes, driers or presses.

* ejemplar de prensa = advance copy, early sheet, advance sheets.

* en prensa = forthcoming, about to be published, in preparation.

* entrar en prensa = go to + press.

* período de la prensa manual, el = hand-press period, the.

* período de la prensa mecánica, el = machine-press period, the.

* prensa-ajos = garlic press, garlic crusher.

* prensa de ajos = garlic press, garlic crusher.

* prensa de encuadernar = binding press.

* prensa de madera = wooden press.

* prensa de metal = iron press.

* prensa de moldear = punch press.

* prensa de tornillo = screw press.

* prensa de torno = standing press.

* prensa doradora = blocking press.

* prensa hidráulica = hydraulic press.

* prensa litográfica = lithographic hand-press.

* prensa manual = hand-press.

* prensa mecánica = machine press.

* prensa normal, la = broadsheet press, the.

* prensa offset = offset printer, offset printing press, offset.

* prensa para ajos = garlic press, garlic crusher.

* prensa para grabados en cobre = copperplate press.

* prensa rotativa = rotary machine, rotary press, stop-cylinder machine.

* prensa rotativa wharfedale = Wharfedale.

* prensa tipográfica de rodillos = rolling press.

* prensa volante = blocking press, arming press.

* prueba de prensa = press proof.

* publicación en prensa = forthcoming title.

* * *

prensa

feminine

A

1 ( Period) press

leer/comprar la prensa to read/buy the newspapers

la prensa oral radio and television

la prensa escrita the press

prensa deportiva sports press

buena/mala prensa good/bad press

la película ha tenido muy mala prensa the film has had very bad press

los ecologistas tienen muy mala prensa por aquí ecologists get a very bad press around here

2 (imprenta) press, printing press

estar en prensa to be in o at the press

lo dimos a la prensa we sent it to the printers

3

(periodistas): la prensa the press

asociaciones de la prensa journalists' o press associations

Compuestos:

● prensa amarilla

gutter press, yellow press

● prensa del corazón

gossip magazines (pl) prensa del corazón (↑ prensa a1)

● prensa roja

(CS) sensationalist press ( specializing in crime stories)

● prensa rotativa

rotary press

B ( Tec) press

Compuestos:

● prensa hidráulica

hydraulic press

● prensa plancha-pantalones

trouser press

* * *

Del verbo prensar: ( conjugate prensar)

prensa es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
prensa
prensar
prensa sustantivo femenino
a) (Impr, Period, Tec) press;

◊ la prensa oral radio and television;

estar en prensa to be in o at the press
b) ( periodistas)

◊ la prensa the press;

prensa amarilla gutter press, yellow press;
prensa del corazón gossip magazines (pl);
prensa roja (CS) sensationalist press ( specializing in crime stories)
prensa sustantivo femenino
1 Mec press
(imprenta) printing press
prensa hidráulica, hidraulic press
2 (periódicos) newspapers pl; leer la prensa, to read the papers
agencia de prensa, press agency
3 (periodistas) la prensa, the press
rueda/conferencia de prensa, press conference
4 (periodismo) press
prensa amarilla, gutter o yellow press
reportaje de prensa, press report
♦ Locuciones: tener buena/mala prensa, to have a good/bad press
prensar verbo transitivo to press
' prensa' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agencia
- amarilla
- amarillo
- articulista
- billón
- brear
- cabecera
- cartelera
- colaboración
- colaborador
- colaboradora
- columna
- columnista
- comunicada
- comunicado
- conferencia
- consultorio
- corresponsal
- crítica
- crónica
- cronista
- denunciar
- diaria
- diario
- dominical
- editorial
- enviado
- estanca
- estanco
- exclusiva
- fondo
- gabinete
- libertad
- pantalla
- propagar
- recorte
- redacción
- reportaje
- reseña
- reseñar
- resonancia
- rueda
- semanario
- sensacionalista
- suceso
- titular1
- alternativo
- amarillista
- declaración
- informar
English:
advertise
- announcement
- article
- back
- clipping
- comic
- contribute
- contribution
- copy
- cutting
- edit
- editor
- feature
- find out
- gutter press
- headline
- intend
- lead story
- leader
- learn
- marriage
- news conference
- piece
- press
- press agent
- press conference
- press cutting
- press release
- rag
- readership
- release
- report
- review
- run
- scoop
- special
- spread
- story
- syndicate
- tabloid press
- briefing
- gutter
- news
- printing
- spin
- tabloid

* * *

prensa nf

1. [periódicos, periodistas] press;

compro la prensa todos los días I buy the newspapers every day;

Comp

tener buena/mala prensa to have a good/bad press

Comp
la prensa amarilla the gutter press, the tabloids;
la prensa del corazón gossip magazines;

la prensa deportiva the sports press;

la prensa diaria the daily press;

la prensa escrita the press;

la prensa especializada specialist publications

2.
la prensa [los periodistas] the press

3. [imprenta] printing press;

entrar en prensa to go to press

4. [máquina] press

Comp
prensa hidráulica hydraulic press
PRENSA ROSA

In recent decades, magazines devoted to the lives of celebrities have become increasingly popular in the Spanish-speaking world. Some magazines have even sought to export their recipe for success abroad. The avid interest of the media in prying into the lives of the famous has transferred to television, and there are a myriad of cheaply produced programs which do little more than hound celebrities attending social functions or just getting on with their daily lives. However, many celebrities have decided to cash in on this public interest and demand huge sums of money to appear in exclusive reports or interviews.

* * *

prensa

f press;

prensa diaria daily newspapers pl, dailies pl ;

prensa especializada specialist press;

tener buena/mala prensa tb fig have a good/bad press

* * *

prensa nf

1) : printing press

2) : press

conferencia de prensa: press conference

* * *

prensa n

1. (en general) press

una rueda de prensa a press conference

2. (periódicos) papers

se ha ido a comprar la prensa he's gone to buy the papers

Spanish-English dictionary > prensa
10 pueblo

m.

1 village (población) (pequeña).

ser de pueblo (Pey) to be a country bumpkin o a hick (United States)

pueblo joven shanty town (Perú Am)

pueblo nuevo shanty town (Perú Am)

2 people.

el pueblo español the Spanish people

3 town, village, locality.

4 nation.

5 Pueblo.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: poblar.

* * *

pueblo

► nombre masculino

1 (población) village

■ en mi pueblo no tenemos esas costumbres we don't do that where I come from

■ es de pueblo he's a bit of a yokel

2 (gente) people

* * *

noun m.

1) village, town

2) people

3) common people

* * *

SM

1) (Pol) people, nation

el pueblo español — the Spanish people

la voluntad del pueblo — the people's will

hacer un llamamiento al pueblo — to call on the people

pueblo elegido — chosen people

2) (=plebe) common people pl, lower orders pl

el pueblo llano — the common people

3) (=localidad pequeña) [gen] small town; [en el campo] country town; [de pocos habitantes] village

ser de pueblo — [gen] to be a country person, be from the countryside; pey to be a country bumpkin *, be a country hick (EEUU) *

pueblo fantasma — ghost town

pueblo joven — Perú shanty town

* * *

masculino

1) ( poblado) village; ( más grande) small town

pueblo chico infierno grande — living in a small town can be hell (colloq)

- pueblo de mala muerte

- pueblo joven

2) ( comunidad) people

un pueblo nómada — a nomadic people

pueblos primitivos — primitive peoples

el pueblo español/vasco — the Spanish/Basque people

3) ( clase popular)

el pueblo — the working class

la voz del pueblo — the voice of the people

una rebelión del pueblo — a popular uprising

•

- pueblo llano

* * *

= people, town, village.

Ex. For example, the Library of Congress established names of indigenous American and African peoples are very often derogatory corruptions of their real names.

Ex. Rivers, erosion, towns and glaciers are all phenomena studied by geography.

Ex. In the above example, when specifying the individual village, Ashworthy, we must employ a verbal extension to the 'normal' UDC notation.

----

* centro del pueblo = town centre.

* chico de pueblo = small-town country boy.

* Ciudad + y los pueblos de su alrededor = Greater + Ciudad + area.

* defensor del pueblo = ombudsman [ombudsmen, -pl.].

* dirigido al pueblo = people-driven.

* habitante del pueblo = villager, village people, village man, village woman.

* orientado hacia el pueblo = people-driven.

* pensado para el pueblo = people-driven.

* plaza del pueblo = town square.

* pueblo amurallado = walled town.

* pueblo de montaña = mountain village.

* pueblo de pescadores = fishing community, fishing village.

* pueblo, el = populace, the, common people, the.

* pueblo fantasma = ghost town.

* pueblo fortificado = walled town.

* pueblo judío = shtetl.

* pueblo lector = reading people.

* pueblo minero = mining town.

* pueblo pesquero = fishing community, fishing village.

* ser la comidilla del pueblo = be the talk of the town.

* tonto del pueblo, el = village fool, the.

* vecino del pueblo = villager, village people, village man, village woman.

* * *

masculino

1) ( poblado) village; ( más grande) small town

pueblo chico infierno grande — living in a small town can be hell (colloq)

- pueblo de mala muerte

- pueblo joven

2) ( comunidad) people

un pueblo nómada — a nomadic people

pueblos primitivos — primitive peoples

el pueblo español/vasco — the Spanish/Basque people

3) ( clase popular)

el pueblo — the working class

la voz del pueblo — the voice of the people

una rebelión del pueblo — a popular uprising

•

- pueblo llano

* * *

el pueblo

= populace, the, common people, the

Ex: This would enable the majority of the rural populace who are illiterate and semi-literate to participate in cultural and intellectual entertainment.

Ex: The book focuses on images where hideous atrocities -- e.g., murder, blasphemy, wanton destruction and even cannibalism -- are shown to be part of the daily life of the common people of Paris during the revolution.

= people, town, village.

Ex: For example, the Library of Congress established names of indigenous American and African peoples are very often derogatory corruptions of their real names.

Ex: Rivers, erosion, towns and glaciers are all phenomena studied by geography.

Ex: In the above example, when specifying the individual village, Ashworthy, we must employ a verbal extension to the 'normal' UDC notation.

* centro del pueblo = town centre.

* chico de pueblo = small-town country boy.

* Ciudad + y los pueblos de su alrededor = Greater + Ciudad + area.

* defensor del pueblo = ombudsman [ombudsmen, -pl.].

* dirigido al pueblo = people-driven.

* habitante del pueblo = villager, village people, village man, village woman.

* orientado hacia el pueblo = people-driven.

* pensado para el pueblo = people-driven.

* plaza del pueblo = town square.

* pueblo amurallado = walled town.

* pueblo de montaña = mountain village.

* pueblo de pescadores = fishing community, fishing village.

* pueblo, el = populace, the, common people, the.

* pueblo fantasma = ghost town.

* pueblo fortificado = walled town.

* pueblo judío = shtetl.

* pueblo lector = reading people.

* pueblo minero = mining town.

* pueblo pesquero = fishing community, fishing village.

* ser la comidilla del pueblo = be the talk of the town.

* tonto del pueblo, el = village fool, the.

* vecino del pueblo = villager, village people, village man, village woman.

* * *

pueblo

masculine

A (poblado) village; (más grande) small town

de cada pueblo un paisano ( RPl fam hum): los vasos son de cada pueblo un paisano the glasses are all different, none of the glasses match

yo soy de pueblo ( Esp); I'm a country boy

pueblo chico infierno grande ( AmL); living in a small town can be hell ( colloq)

Compuestos:

● pueblo de mala muerte

dead-end town, one-horse town

● pueblo fantasma

ghost town

● pueblo joven

( Per) shantytown

B (comunidad, nación) people

un pueblo nómada a nomadic people

pueblos primitivos primitive peoples

el pueblo judío the Jewish people

la voz del pueblo the voice of the people

el pueblo español/vasco the Spanish/Basque people

una rebelión del pueblo a popular uprising

un gobierno del pueblo y para el pueblo a government of the people for the people

políticos que engañan al pueblo politicians who mislead the people o country

Compuesto:

pueblo elegido

chosen people

C

(clase popular): el pueblo the working class

Compuesto:

pueblo llano

el pueblo llano the ordinary people

* * *

Del verbo poblar: ( conjugate poblar)

pueblo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

Multiple Entries:
poblar
pueblo
poblar ( conjugate poblar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹territorio/región›
a) [colonos/inmigrantes] ( ir a ocupar) to settle, populate

b) ( habitar) to inhabit

2 pueblo algo DE algo ‹ bosque› to plant sth with sth;
‹río/colmena› to stock sth with sth
poblarse verbo pronominal [tierra/colonia] to be settled
pueblo sustantivo masculino
1 ( poblado) village;
( más grande) small town;
◊ pueblo joven (Per) shantytown

2
a) ( comunidad) people;

◊ un pueblo nómada a nomadic people

b) (ciudadanos, nación) people;

◊ el pueblo vasco the Basque people

poblar verbo transitivo
1 (habitar, vivir) to inhabit
2 (llenar de gente, repoblar) to populate
pueblo sustantivo masculino
1 village, small town
2 (comunidad, nación) people
la voluntad del pueblo, the will of the people
3 (clase popular) common people
' pueblo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abatirse
- arriba
- aterrizar
- belicosa
- belicoso
- cercana
- cercano
- chalet
- comidilla
- costumbre
- defensor
- defensora
- dejada
- dejado
- dominar
- erigirse
- escogida
- escogido
- fantasma
- fiesta
- guerrera
- guerrero
- honra
- incomunicar
- incomunicada
- incomunicado
- indomable
- levantamiento
- levantarse
- llana
- llano
- malencarada
- malencarado
- morirse
- muerta
- muerto
- población
- residir
- soberana
- soberano
- amo
- amotinado
- amotinar
- asentado
- atrasado
- bagaje
- barbarie
- civilizar
- conquista
- conquistar
English:
about
- amok
- annihilate
- besiege
- chosen
- cross-country
- curve
- cut off
- developing
- dreary
- drift
- folk
- hilly
- inflict
- inhospitable
- language
- life
- ombudsman
- oppress
- people
- populace
- poverty
- raze
- seaside town
- serve
- settle
- side
- skirt
- stand
- straddle
- subdue
- town
- uncivilized
- uninhabited
- via
- village
- village hall
- bury
- country
- do
- due
- elder
- hole
- home
- nestle
- peaceful
- popular
- villager
- way

* * *

pueblo

♦ ver poblar

♦ nm

1. [población] [pequeña] village;
[grande] town; Pey
ser de pueblo to be a Br country bumpkin o US hick;

Prov
Am
pueblo chico, infierno grande village life can be very claustrophobic

Comp
pueblo abandonado ghost town;
pueblo fantasma ghost town;
Perú pueblo joven shanty town;
pueblo de mala muerte one-horse town;
Am pueblo nuevo shanty town
2. [nación, ciudadanos] people;

la voluntad del pueblo the will of the people;

el pueblo español the Spanish people

Comp
el pueblo elegido the chosen people
3. [proletariado]
el pueblo the (common) people;

el pueblo llano the common people, ordinary people

* * *

pueblo

m village; más grande town;

es de pueblo he’s a country boy; desp he’s a hick o Br

yokel desp

* * *

pueblo nm

1) nación: people

2) : common people

3) aldea, poblado: town, village

* * *

pueblo n

1. (población) village / small town

un pueblo de Teruel a village in Teruel

2. (gente) people

el pueblo vasco the Basque people

Spanish-English dictionary > pueblo
11 solicitado

adj.

solicited, desired, sought-after.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: solicitar.

* * *

ADJ

estar muy solicitado — to be in great demand, be much sought after

está muy solicitado por las chicas — all the girls are after him

* * *

- da adjetivo < persona> in demand; < canción> popular

* * *

= desirable, sought after [sought-after].

Ex. It is desirable that they be treated as parts of a single serials record, since this will provide a 'one-stop' file containing all the relevant data, and will produce a file with a number of funtions.

Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.

----

* muy solicitado = in great demand.

* no solicitado = unsolicited.

* * *

- da adjetivo < persona> in demand; < canción> popular

* * *

= desirable, sought after [sought-after].

Ex: It is desirable that they be treated as parts of a single serials record, since this will provide a 'one-stop' file containing all the relevant data, and will produce a file with a number of funtions.

Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.

* muy solicitado = in great demand.

* no solicitado = unsolicited.

* * *

solicitado¹ -da

adjective

‹persona› popular, in demand

una canción muy solicitada a very popular o a much-requested song

solicitado² -da

masculine, feminine

( Ven fam)

es un solicitado he's wanted by the police

* * *

Del verbo solicitar: ( conjugate solicitar)

solicitado es:

el participio

Multiple Entries:
solicitado
solicitar
solicitado
◊ -da adjetivo ‹ persona› in demand;

‹ canción› popular
solicitar ( conjugate solicitar) verbo transitivo ‹empleo/plaza› to apply for;
‹permiso/entrevista/información› to request, ask for;
‹servicios/apoyo/cooperación› to request, ask for
solicitado,-a adjetivo
1 in great demand
2 sought after, popular
el libro es un éxito, cada día está más solicitado, demand for the book is increasing daily, it's a complete success
solicitar vtr (opinión, información, consejo, canción) to request
' solicitado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
nacionalidad
- solicitada
English:
demand
- premium
- sought-after
- unasked
- sought
- unsolicited

Spanish-English dictionary > solicitado
12 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse: XIIth Century-XXth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925, 1952 (2nd edition, B. Vi-digal, ed.).

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   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

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   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

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   ■ The Military

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   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

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   ■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

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   ■. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Eduardo de. Os portugueses na Nova Inglaterra. Rio de Janeiro, 1931.

   ■ Caspari, Andrea. "The Return Orientation among Portuguese Migrants in France." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 193-203. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone, ed. Portugueses na América do Norte. Baden: Peregrinação, 1983.

   ■ Fagundes, Francisco Cota. Hard Knocks: An Azorean-American Odyssey.

   ■ [Memoir]. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000. Felix, John Henry, and Peter F. Senecal. The Portuguese in Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: Authors' edition, 1978. Fernandes, Ferreira. Os Primos da América. Lisbon: Relógio D'Agua, 1991. Ferreira, Eduardo de Sousa. As orígens e formas de emigração. Lisbon, 1976. Freitas, J. F. Portuguese-American Memories. Honolulu, Hawaii, 1930.

   ■ Giles, Wenona. "Motherhood and Wage Labour in London, England: Portuguese Migrant Women and the Politics of Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. University of Toronto, 1987.

   ■ Higgs, David, ed. Portuguese Migration in Global Perspective. Ontario: Multicultural Historical Society of Ontario, 1990.

   ■ Klimt, Andrea. "Portuguese Migrants in Germany: Class, Ethnicity and Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Stanford University, 1987.

   ■ Lavigne, Gules. Les ethniques et la ville: L'aventure des immigrants portugais à Montreal. Montreal: Preamble, 1987.

   ■ Leder, Hans Howard. Cultural Persistence in a Portuguese-American Community. New York: Arno Press, 1980.

   ■ Lewis, J. R., and A. M. Williams. "Emigrants and Retornados: A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Impact of Return Migration in the Região Centro." In E. D. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 227-50. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ McCabe, Marsha L., and Joseph D. Thomas, eds. Portuguese Spinner: An American Story; Stories of History, Culture and Life from Portuguese Americans in Southeastern New England. New Bedford, Mass.: Spinner, 1998.

   ■ Marques, D., and J. Medeiros. Portuguese Immigrants: 25 Years in Canada. Toronto: West End YMCA, 1989.

   ■ Martins, J. Oliveira. Fomento Rural e emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Mira, Manuel. The Forgotten Portuguese: The Melungeons and Other Groups; The Portuguese Making of America. Franklin, N.C.: Portuguese-American Historical Research Foundation, 1998.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal." Economia e Sociedade (Lisbon) 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ Nunes, Maria Luisa. A Portuguese Colonial in America: Belmira Nunes Lopes; The Autobiography of a Cape Verdean-American. Pittsburgh, Penn.: Latin American Literary Review Press, 1982.

   ■ Oliver, Lawrence. Never Backward: The Autobiography of Lawrence Oliver; A Portuguese-American. San Diego, 1972.

   ■ Pap, Leo. The Portuguese-Americans. Boston: Twayne, 1981.

   ■ Pereira, Miriam Halpern. A Política Portuguesa de Emigraçao, 1850 a 1930. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Pereira da Rosa, Victor M., and Salvato V. Trigo. "Elementos para uma Caracterização da Família Imigrante Portuguesa na Africa do Sul." Economia e Sociologia 41 (1986): 61-71.

   ■. Azorean Emigration: A Preliminary Overview. Oporto: Fernando Pessoa University, 1994.

   ■. Portugueses e Moçambicanos no Apartheid: Da Ficção à Realidade. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Purves, James. "Portuguese in Bermuda." Bermuda Historical Quarterly 3 (1946): 133-42.

   ■ Ribeiro, F. G. Cassola. Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da. "La Sociologie des Migrations au Portugal." Current Sociology 32, 2 (Summer 1984): 175-98.

   ■. "Towards Reintegration of Emigrants." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and Guy Clausse, eds., Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal, 183-94. Saarbrücken: Breitenbach, 1985.

   ■. "Emigração." In Dicionario Illustrado Da História De Portugal ( 1985): 205-7.

   ■. A Emigração. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Espaços de herança cultural portuguesa-gentes, factos, políticas." Analise Social (Lisbon) XXIV (1988): 313-51.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da, and Jorge Arroteia. Bibliografia da Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Americans of Portuguese Descent: A Lesson in Differentiation. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1974.

   ■. Testemunhos sobre a Emigração Portuguesa: Antologia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Silva, F. Emídio da. A Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Silva, Manuela, et al. Retorno, Emigração e Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Simões, Mário Pinto. O Emigrante Português: Processos de Adaptação ( o exemplo da Suiça). Oporto, 1985.

   ■ Simões, Nuno. O Brasil e a Emigração Portuguesa. Coimbra, 1934.

   ■ Sousa Ferreira, Eduardo de, and Guy Clausse, eds. Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal. Saarbrucken: Verlag Breitenbach, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Sea to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Vicente, António Luís. Os Portuguese Nos Estados Unidos Da América: Política De Comunidades E Comunidade Política. Lisbon: FLAD, 1998.

   ■ Viera, David, et al. Portuguese in the United States: A Bibliography ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Essay Number 6 in Essays in Portuguese Studies. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1989.

   ■ Williams, Jerry. And Yet They Come: Portuguese Immigration from the Azores to the United States. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1982.

   ■ Portugal's Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeiras)

   ■ Biddle, Anthony J. Drexel. The Madeira Islands, 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900.

   ■ Bryans, Robin. Madeira, Pearl of the Atlantic. London: Robert Hale, 1959.

   ■. The Azores. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

   ■ Cooke, Rupert Croft. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Cossart, Noel. Madeira— the Island Vineyard. London: Christie's, 1984.

   ■ Da Silva, Fernando Augusto, and Carlos Azevedo de Menezes. Elucidário Madeirense, 3 vols. Funchal, 1940.

   ■ Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands in the Seventeenth Century: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce andNavigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

   ■ Guill, James H. A History of the Azores Islands. Menlo Park, Calif.: Author's Edition, 1972.

   ■ Instituto Histórico Da Ilha Terceira [Azores]. Os Açores E O Atlântico ( Séculos XIV-XVII) [Proceedings of International Colloquium, August 1983]. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island, Azores, 1984.

   ■ Koebel, William Henry. Madeira Old and New. London: Griffiths, 1909.

   ■ Mee, Jules. Histoire de la découverte des Iles Açores. Ghent, 1901.

   ■ Peres, Damião. A Madeira sob os donatórios-Séculos XV e XVI. Funchal, 1914.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Atlantic Islanders of the Azores and Madeiras. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher House, 1979.

   ■ Serpa, Caetano Valadão. A Gente Dos Açores. Identificaçao-Emigraçio E Religiosidade: Séculos XVI-XX. Lisbon: 1978.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. "With Columbus in Madeira." Portuguese Studies Review (Durham, NH) I, 1 (Spring-Summer 1991).

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Azores and the United States (1787-1987): Two Hundred Years of Shared History." Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira XLV (1988): 55-71.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373-Present)

   ■ Almada, José de. A Aliança Inglesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1947.

   ■. Para a história da aliança luso-britânica. Lisbon, 1955.

   ■ Atkinson, William C. British Contributions to Portuguese and Brazilian Studies. London: British Council, 1974.

   ■ Bourne, Kenneth. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England 1830-1902. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

   ■ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■ British Community Council of London. Souvenir Brochure Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 1373-1973. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. Portugal na Alvorada do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello "Aliança Inglesa." Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Vol. 1 (1963): 1270-1271.

   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
13 lucha

f.

1 fight.

la lucha contra el cáncer the fight against cancer

lucha de clases class struggle o war

lucha libre all-in wrestling

2 tug-of-war.

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: luchar.

* * *

lucha

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) fight, struggle

2 DEPORTE wrestling

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

lucha de clases class struggle

lucha libre free-style wrestling

* * *

noun f.

1) fight

2) struggle

3) wrestling

* * *

SF [forma familiar] de Luz, Lucía

* * *

femenino

1) (combate, pelea) fight; ( para conseguir algo) struggle

la lucha por la supervivencia — the struggle for survival

las luchas internas de un partido — internal conflict within a party

la lucha contra el cáncer — the fight against cancer

- lucha armada

- lucha de clases

2) (Dep) wrestling

•

- lucha libre

* * *

= combat, contention, scramble, fight, struggle, fray, crusade, strife, contest, fighting, tug of war, battle.

Ex. It is not without significance perhaps that some writers on the reference interview use the term 'encounter', which the Concise Oxford Dictionary defines as 'meet as adversary', 'meeting in combat'.

Ex. Among the trends are: more focus on user needs, a contention between optical products and on-line access; and a focus in the USA on formulation of major information policies.

Ex. Mergers and acquisitions are playing an increasing important part in corporate strategies, stimulated by the scramble for market position in the new Europe.

Ex. The proud mother, as a result, had been a leader in the fight to establish a program for the 'gifted and talented' in the public school system.

Ex. The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.

Ex. The academic librarian, by remaining neutral, can stay above the fray and does not need to take sides in order to provide scholars with access to the truth.

Ex. The Thatcher government's crusade for privatisation is also hitting British libraries.

Ex. If performance evaluation is viewed as a tool of second or third-level by supervisors it loses its clout and encourages strife.

Ex. Anyway, experience had taught him that a subordinate who attempts to subdue a superordinate is almost always lost; the superordinate has too many advantages in such a contest.

Ex. The children were involved in manual labour, guard duty, front-line fighting, bomb manufacture, setting sea/land mines & radio & communication.

Ex. Library administrators might be able to predict their fortunes in the academic tug of war for funds if they understood more clearly the attitudes of institutional administrators towards libraries.

Ex. Encounters between indigenous and colonizing peoples are described as MASSACRES when the indigenous people won and battles when the colonists won.

----

* emprender una lucha contra = launch + attack on.

* en la lucha contra = in the battle against.

* enzarzarse en la lucha = engage in + combat.

* enzarzarse en una lucha a muerte = get into + a fight to the death.

* lucha a muerte = fight to death.

* lucha armada = armed struggle.

* lucha contra las drogas = war on drugs.

* lucha contra los insectos = pest control.

* lucha de clases = class warfare.

* lucha de ingenio = battle of wits.

* lucha de poderes = power struggle, battle of wills.

* lucha de resistencia = battle of wills.

* lucha diaria = daily grind.

* luchador de lucha libre = wrestler.

* lucha enconada = bitter struggle.

* lucha entre tres = three-horse race.

* lucha hasta la muerte = fight to death.

* lucha intelectual = battle of wits.

* lucha libre = professional wrestling, wrestling.

* lucha por el poder = power struggle.

* lucha por el título = title race.

* luchas internas = infighting [in-fighting].

* lucha territorial = turf war.

* * *

femenino

1) (combate, pelea) fight; ( para conseguir algo) struggle

la lucha por la supervivencia — the struggle for survival

las luchas internas de un partido — internal conflict within a party

la lucha contra el cáncer — the fight against cancer

- lucha armada

- lucha de clases

2) (Dep) wrestling

•

- lucha libre

* * *

= combat, contention, scramble, fight, struggle, fray, crusade, strife, contest, fighting, tug of war, battle.

Ex: It is not without significance perhaps that some writers on the reference interview use the term 'encounter', which the Concise Oxford Dictionary defines as 'meet as adversary', 'meeting in combat'.

Ex: Among the trends are: more focus on user needs, a contention between optical products and on-line access; and a focus in the USA on formulation of major information policies.

Ex: Mergers and acquisitions are playing an increasing important part in corporate strategies, stimulated by the scramble for market position in the new Europe.

Ex: The proud mother, as a result, had been a leader in the fight to establish a program for the 'gifted and talented' in the public school system.

Ex: The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.

Ex: The academic librarian, by remaining neutral, can stay above the fray and does not need to take sides in order to provide scholars with access to the truth.

Ex: The Thatcher government's crusade for privatisation is also hitting British libraries.

Ex: If performance evaluation is viewed as a tool of second or third-level by supervisors it loses its clout and encourages strife.

Ex: Anyway, experience had taught him that a subordinate who attempts to subdue a superordinate is almost always lost; the superordinate has too many advantages in such a contest.

Ex: The children were involved in manual labour, guard duty, front-line fighting, bomb manufacture, setting sea/land mines & radio & communication.

Ex: Library administrators might be able to predict their fortunes in the academic tug of war for funds if they understood more clearly the attitudes of institutional administrators towards libraries.

Ex: Encounters between indigenous and colonizing peoples are described as MASSACRES when the indigenous people won and battles when the colonists won.

* emprender una lucha contra = launch + attack on.

* en la lucha contra = in the battle against.

* enzarzarse en la lucha = engage in + combat.

* enzarzarse en una lucha a muerte = get into + a fight to the death.

* lucha a muerte = fight to death.

* lucha armada = armed struggle.

* lucha contra las drogas = war on drugs.

* lucha contra los insectos = pest control.

* lucha de clases = class warfare.

* lucha de ingenio = battle of wits.

* lucha de poderes = power struggle, battle of wills.

* lucha de resistencia = battle of wills.

* lucha diaria = daily grind.

* luchador de lucha libre = wrestler.

* lucha enconada = bitter struggle.

* lucha entre tres = three-horse race.

* lucha hasta la muerte = fight to death.

* lucha intelectual = battle of wits.

* lucha libre = professional wrestling, wrestling.

* lucha por el poder = power struggle.

* lucha por el título = title race.

* luchas internas = infighting [in-fighting].

* lucha territorial = turf war.

* * *

lucha

feminine

A

1 (combate, pelea) fight

2 (para conseguir algo, superar un problema) struggle

decidieron abandonar la lucha they decided to give up the struggle

la eterna lucha entre el bien y el mal the eternal struggle between good and evil

las luchas internas están debilitando el partido infighting o internal conflict is weakening the party

una campaña de lucha contra el hambre a campaign to combat famine

la lucha por la supervivencia the fight o struggle for survival

la lucha contra el cáncer the fight against cancer

Compuestos:

● lucha armada

armed struggle o conflict

● lucha de clases

class struggle

B ( Dep) wrestling

Compuestos:

● lucha en jaula

cage fighting

● lucha libre

all-in wrestling, freestyle wrestling

● lucha en parejas

tag wrestling

* * *

Del verbo luchar: ( conjugate luchar)

lucha es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
lucha
luchar
lucha sustantivo femenino
a) (combate, pelea) fight;

( para conseguir algo) struggle;
◊ lucha de clases class struggle;

la lucha contra el cáncer the fight against cancer
b) (Dep) wrestling;

◊ lucha libre all-in wrestling

luchar ( conjugate luchar) verbo intransitivo
a) (combatir, pelear) to fight

b) ( para conseguir algo) to struggle, fight;

◊ lucha para salir adelante struggle hard to get on in life;

lucha por la paz to fight for peace
c) ( batallar) lucha con algo ‹ con problema› to wrestle with sth

d) (Dep) to wrestle

lucha sustantivo femenino
1 (combate) fight
lucha libre, wrestling
2 (trabajo, esfuerzo) struggle: hubo una lucha interna para cambiar a los dirigentes del partido, there was internal turmoil regarding replacing party heads
lucha de clases, class struggle
luchar verbo transitivo to fight wrestle
♦ Locuciones: luchar con uñas y dientes, to fight nail and tooth
' lucha' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
antiterrorista
- cuartel
- duelo
- pelea
- abandonar
- armado
- continuo
- cooperar
- desigual
- equilibrado
- guerrilla
- implacable
- llave
- pugna
- sostener
English:
all-in wrestling
- battle
- charity
- class struggle
- contest
- desperate
- fight
- grim
- struggle
- throw
- tug-of-war
- tussle
- war
- wrestling
- warden

* * *

lucha nf

1. [combate físico] fight

Comp
la lucha armada the armed struggle
2. [enfrentamiento] fight;

la lucha contra el cáncer/el desempleo the fight against cancer/unemployment;

hubo una lucha muy dura por el liderato the leadership was bitterly contested;

fracasó en su lucha por cambiar la ley she failed in her struggle o fight to change the law;

las luchas internas del partido the in-fighting within the party

Comp
lucha de clases class struggle
3. [esfuerzo] struggle;

es una lucha conseguir que se coman todo it's a struggle to get them to eat it all up

4. [deporte] wrestling

Comp
lucha grecorromana Graeco-Roman wrestling;
lucha libre freestyle o all-in wrestling

5. [en baloncesto] jump ball

LUCHA LIBRE

Lucha libre, or freestyle wrestling, is a very popular spectator sport in Mexico and features comical masked wrestlers who often become larger-than-life figures. In any fight there will be a goodie (“técnico”) and a baddie (“rudo”) and the action consists of spectacularly acrobatic leaps and throws, and pantomime violence. These wrestlers are so popular that they often feature in special wrestling magazines, as well as on television and radio. The most famous of all was “el Santo” (The Saint), who always wore a distinctive silver mask. He appeared in dozens of films and is still remembered with affection despite his death in 1984.

* * *

lucha

f

1 fight, struggle

2 DEP wrestling

3 en baloncesto jump ball

* * *

lucha nf

1) : struggle, fight

2) : wrestling

* * *

lucha n fight / struggle

la lucha por la supervivencia the fight for survival

lucha libre wrestling

Spanish-English dictionary > lucha
14 noticia

f.

news.

una noticia (singular) a piece of news

su hijo le dio la noticia his son broke the news to him

me enteré de la noticia ayer I heard the news yesterday

tener noticias to have news

¿tienes noticias suyas? have you heard from him?

las noticias the news

noticia bomba (informal) bombshell

noticias de última hora the latest news

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: noticiar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: noticiar.

* * *

noticia

► nombre femenino

1 (información) news plural

■ una noticia a piece of news

■ acaba de llegarnos la noticia de que... news is just coming in of...

■ eso no es noticia that's nothing new

■ ¿has tenido noticias de Laura? have you had any news from Laura?, have you heard anything from Laura?

■ tengo noticias para ti I've got news for you

2 (conocimiento) idea

■ no tenía noticia de que hubieran quebrado I had no idea they had gone bankrupt

► nombre femenino plural las noticias

1 the news

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dar la noticia to break the news

¡primera noticia! that's news to me!

ser noticia to be in the news

noticia bomba bombshell

* * *

noun f.

piece of news

- noticias

* * *

SF

1) (=información) news

¿hay alguna noticia? — any news?

eso no es noticia — that's not news

tengo una buena noticia que darte — I've got some good news for you

fue una noticia excelente para la economía — it was an excellent piece of news for the economy

la última noticia fue sobre las inundaciones — the last news item was about the flooding

vi las noticias de las nueve — I watched the nine o'clock news

según nuestras noticias — according to our information

estar atrasado de noticias — to be behind the times, lack up-to-date information

¡noticias frescas! — iró tell me a new one!

noticia bomba — * bombshell *

noticia de portada — front-page news, headline news

2) (=conocimiento)

tener noticias de algn — to have news of sb

hace tiempo que no tenemos noticias suyas — we haven't heard from her for a long time

no tener noticia de algo — to know nothing about a matter

no tenemos noticia de su paradero — we have no idea of his whereabouts
NOTICIA ► Para traducir la palabra noticia al inglés, hay que tener en cuenta que el sustantivo news es incontable y lleva el verbo en singular: Las noticias de hoy no son nada buenas Today's news isn't very good Cuando recibió la noticia se puso a llorar When she received the news she burst into tears ► Cuando queremos precisar que se trata de una noticia en particular o de un número determinado de noticias utilizamos la expresión piece/ pieces of news: Había dos noticias que nos parecieron preocupantes There were two pieces of news that we found worrying Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
* * *

femenino

a) ( informe)

es una estupenda noticia! — that's wonderful news!

la noticia de su muerte — the news of his death

las noticias son alarmantes — the news is alarming

buenas/malas noticias — good/bad news

¿quién le va a dar la noticia? — who's going to break the news to him?

la última noticia del programa — the final item on the news

estar atrasado de noticias — to be behind with the news

hacer noticia — to hit the headlines

b) noticias femenino plural ( referencias) news

no tenemos noticias suyas — ( provenientes de él) we haven't heard from him; ( provenientes de otra persona) we haven't had (any) news of him

c) (información, conocimiento)

no tenía noticia de que hubiera problemas — I didn't know (that) there were problems

- noticia bomba

* * *

= announcement, news, newswire, news item, item of news, news story, bit of information, news broadcast.

Ex. Printed current awareness bulletins may be produced from similar facilities to those in above, except that here the announcement will relate only to newly added items.

Ex. Next came the good news that war between member states had been rendered inconceivable, even though the prospect of war was on nobody's mind at the time.

Ex. The number of full text data bases on-line is also increasing, providing instant access to newspapers and newswires, popular magazines and scholarly journals.

Ex. From January 1981, the name will be 'Current Technology Index,' and the coverage will be increased, both in terms of journals indexed and other items included, eg news items.

Ex. This item of news penetrated his heart like a stab = Esta noticia penetró su corazón como una puñalada.

Ex. This a cross-cultural experiment on how well audiences remember news stories from newspaper, computer, television, and radio sources.

Ex. Outside the portacabin there is a board with a few useful bits of information, such as the temperature of the water, visibility, and opening/closing times.

Ex. They include books, letters, historical documents, photographs, news broadcasts, press statements and audiotapes of speeches = Contienen libros, cartas, documentos históricos, fotografías, noticias, conferencias de prensa, y casetes de discurso.

----

* acaparar las noticias = grab + the headlines, hit + the headlines.

* agencia de noticias = news office, news agency, newspaper agency, news organisation.

* agencias de noticias = news media.

* agente de noticias web = newsbot.

* boletín de noticias = newsletter.

* buenas noticas, las = good word, the.

* buenas noticias = glad tidings.

* buscar la noticia = grab at + a headline.

* columnista de agencia de noticias = syndicated columnist.

* conocer la noticia = learn + the news.

* dar la noticia = give + the news.

* difundir la noticia = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.

* difundir noticias = broadcast + news.

* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.

* enterarse de la noticia = learn + the news.

* esperamos sus noticias = look forward to + hearing from you.

* foro de noticias = newsgroup [news group].

* impresión de noticias = news-printing.

* indizador de noticias web = newsbot.

* la buena noticia = the good news.

* llegar noticias = come to + Posesivo + notice.

* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* no tener noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.

* noticia de periódico = newspaper account.

* noticia de última hora = hot off the press(es).

* noticia por cable = newswire.

* noticias = news, news information.

* noticias de actualidad = current events, current news events, current news.

* noticias deportivas = sports news, sports score, sports results.

* noticias de radio y/o televisión = broadcast news.

* noticias de última hora = breaking news.

* noticias diarias de interés = daily news alerts.

* noticias + difundirse = news + spread.

* noticias por cable = cable news.

* noticia web en formato RSS = RSS feed.

* parecido a las noticias = news-type.

* programa de noticias = news programme.

* publicación de una noticia dos veces = crossposting [cross-posting].

* publicar una noticia en varias listas de correo = cross post [cross-post].

* que no haya noticas es buena señal = no news is good news.

* recibir noticias de = hear from.

* resumen de noticias = roundup [round-up], roundup of news, roundup of news.

* retransmitir noticias = broadcast + news.

* servicio de noticias = news service.

* tablón electrónico de noticias = electronic bulletin board (EEB), bulletin board system (BBS).

* tener noticias de = hear from.

* tipo noticias = news-type.

* titular de noticias = news headline.

* * *

femenino

a) ( informe)

es una estupenda noticia! — that's wonderful news!

la noticia de su muerte — the news of his death

las noticias son alarmantes — the news is alarming

buenas/malas noticias — good/bad news

¿quién le va a dar la noticia? — who's going to break the news to him?

la última noticia del programa — the final item on the news

estar atrasado de noticias — to be behind with the news

hacer noticia — to hit the headlines

b) noticias femenino plural ( referencias) news

no tenemos noticias suyas — ( provenientes de él) we haven't heard from him; ( provenientes de otra persona) we haven't had (any) news of him

c) (información, conocimiento)

no tenía noticia de que hubiera problemas — I didn't know (that) there were problems

- noticia bomba

* * *

= announcement, news, newswire, news item, item of news, news story, bit of information, news broadcast.

Ex: Printed current awareness bulletins may be produced from similar facilities to those in above, except that here the announcement will relate only to newly added items.

Ex: Next came the good news that war between member states had been rendered inconceivable, even though the prospect of war was on nobody's mind at the time.

Ex: The number of full text data bases on-line is also increasing, providing instant access to newspapers and newswires, popular magazines and scholarly journals.

Ex: From January 1981, the name will be 'Current Technology Index,' and the coverage will be increased, both in terms of journals indexed and other items included, eg news items.

Ex: This item of news penetrated his heart like a stab = Esta noticia penetró su corazón como una puñalada.

Ex: This a cross-cultural experiment on how well audiences remember news stories from newspaper, computer, television, and radio sources.

Ex: Outside the portacabin there is a board with a few useful bits of information, such as the temperature of the water, visibility, and opening/closing times.

Ex: They include books, letters, historical documents, photographs, news broadcasts, press statements and audiotapes of speeches = Contienen libros, cartas, documentos históricos, fotografías, noticias, conferencias de prensa, y casetes de discurso.

* acaparar las noticias = grab + the headlines, hit + the headlines.

* agencia de noticias = news office, news agency, newspaper agency, news organisation.

* agencias de noticias = news media.

* agente de noticias web = newsbot.

* boletín de noticias = newsletter.

* buenas noticas, las = good word, the.

* buenas noticias = glad tidings.

* buscar la noticia = grab at + a headline.

* columnista de agencia de noticias = syndicated columnist.

* conocer la noticia = learn + the news.

* dar la noticia = give + the news.

* difundir la noticia = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.

* difundir noticias = broadcast + news.

* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.

* enterarse de la noticia = learn + the news.

* esperamos sus noticias = look forward to + hearing from you.

* foro de noticias = newsgroup [news group].

* impresión de noticias = news-printing.

* indizador de noticias web = newsbot.

* la buena noticia = the good news.

* llegar noticias = come to + Posesivo + notice.

* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* no tener noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.

* noticia de periódico = newspaper account.

* noticia de última hora = hot off the press(es).

* noticia por cable = newswire.

* noticias = news, news information.

* noticias de actualidad = current events, current news events, current news.

* noticias deportivas = sports news, sports score, sports results.

* noticias de radio y/o televisión = broadcast news.

* noticias de última hora = breaking news.

* noticias diarias de interés = daily news alerts.

* noticias + difundirse = news + spread.

* noticias por cable = cable news.

* noticia web en formato RSS = RSS feed.

* parecido a las noticias = news-type.

* programa de noticias = news programme.

* publicación de una noticia dos veces = crossposting [cross-posting].

* publicar una noticia en varias listas de correo = cross post [cross-post].

* que no haya noticas es buena señal = no news is good news.

* recibir noticias de = hear from.

* resumen de noticias = roundup [round-up], roundup of news, roundup of news.

* retransmitir noticias = broadcast + news.

* servicio de noticias = news service.

* tablón electrónico de noticias = electronic bulletin board (EEB), bulletin board system (BBS).

* tener noticias de = hear from.

* tipo noticias = news-type.

* titular de noticias = news headline.

* * *

noticia

feminine

1

(informe): las noticias son alarmantes the news is alarming

¡qué noticia más deprimente! what a depressing piece of news!, what depressing news!

la noticia de su muerte the news of his death

traigo buenas/malas noticias I have some good/bad news

tengo que darte una mala noticia I have some bad news for you

¿quién le va a dar la noticia? who's going to break the news to him?

nos llega una noticia de última hora or de último momento some late news has just come in

la última noticia del programa the final item on the news

estar atrasado de noticias to be out of touch, be behind with the news

hacer noticia to make news, hit the headlines

2 noticias fpl (referencias) news

ya hace un mes que se fue y seguimos sin noticias she left a month ago and we still haven't heard anything o had any news

hace meses que no tenemos noticias suyas (provenientes de él) we haven't heard from him for months; (provenientes de otra persona) we haven't had (any) news of him for months

3

(información, conocimiento): no tenía noticia de que hubiera problemas I had no idea o I didn't know (that) there were problems

Compuesto:

noticia bomba

( fam):

lo de su divorcio fue una noticia bomba the news of their divorce was a real bombshell ( colloq)

traigo una noticia bomba I have some amazing o incredible news for you

* * *

noticia sustantivo femenino
1 ( información):
◊ una noticia a piece o an item of news;

buenas/malas noticias good/bad news;
la última noticia del programa the final item on the news;
una noticia de última hora a late o last-minute news item
2
◊ noticias sustantivo femenino plural

a) ( referencias) news;

◊ no hemos tenido noticias suyas ( provenientes de él) we haven't heard from him;

( provenientes de otra persona) we haven't had (any) news of him
b) (Rad, TV) news

noticia sustantivo femenino
1 news sing: es una buena/mala noticia, it's good/bad news
mañana le daré la noticia, tomorrow I'll break the news to him
2 voy a ver las noticias, I'm going to watch the news
' noticia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abultar
- alcance
- aliento
- anuncio
- callar
- cobertura
- conmocionar
- dar
- desplomarse
- divulgarse
- ensombrecerse
- escopetazo
- evidenciar
- excesivamente
- expandirse
- filtrar
- filtración
- filtrarse
- halagüeña
- halagüeño
- helada
- helado
- improviso
- inflar
- pregonar
- producir
- propagar
- recibir
- resonancia
- respiración
- resumir
- ruidosa
- ruidoso
- rumor
- sensación
- sentar
- silenciar
- sumir
- transmitir
- última
- último
- voz
- a
- acoger
- acogida
- actualidad
- afectar
- aguardar
- anunciar
- aturdimiento
English:
announcement
- bedlam
- bit
- blue
- bombshell
- brief
- buckle
- deny
- development
- earthshattering
- encouraging
- flash
- flinch
- front-page
- get
- get about
- get out
- headline
- hit
- impact
- item
- juicy
- lead story
- let out
- me
- news
- newsflash
- out
- outrage
- overjoyed
- piece
- public
- red-hot
- release
- report
- rock
- sensational
- shatter
- shock
- shocking
- sink in
- slant
- spread
- spring
- story
- stunning
- suppress
- thunderbolt
- unreliable
- unwelcome

* * *

noticia nf

1. [información, hecho] news [singular];

una noticia a piece of news;

tengo una buena/mala noticia I've got some good/bad news;

me enteré de la noticia ayer I heard the news yesterday;

su hijo le dio la noticia his son broke the news to him;

noticias de última hora the latest news

Comp
Fam noticia bomba bombshell;
¡noticia bomba!, ¡nos van a subir el sueldo! shock! horror! we're getting a pay Br rise o US raise!

2.
las noticias [en televisión] the news

3. [conocimiento]
¿tienes noticias suyas? have you heard from him?;

no tengo noticia de que se haya cambiado la fecha I haven't heard anything about the date being changed

* * *

noticia

f piece of news; en noticiario news story, item of news;

tener noticia de algo have news of sth;

noticias pl news sg ;

no tengo noticias de él I haven’t had any news from him

* * *

noticia nf

1) : news item, piece of news

2) noticias nfpl

: news

* * *

noticia n

1. (en general) news

tengo una noticia I've got some news

Recuerda que news es un nombre incontable, pero que existe la fórmula a piece of news

es una buena noticia that is good news

tengo tres noticias I have three pieces of news

2. (en periodismo) news item / story [pl. stories]

¿quién firma la noticia? who wrote the story?

Spanish-English dictionary > noticia
15 frente

f.

forehead.

frente a frente face to face

m.

1 front (parte delantera).

dar un paso al frente to step forward

estar al frente de to be in charge of, to head; (empresa) to be at the front of, to lead (manifestación)

de frente forward (hacia delante)

chocaron de frente they collided head on

me encontré de frente con él I found myself face to face with him

en frente opposite

en frente de mi casa opposite my house

hacer frente a algo to face up to something

2 front (military) (de batalla).

hacer o formar frente común to make common cause

3 front (Meteo).

frente cálido/frío warm/cold front

4 forehead, brow.

5 alliance, coalition.

* * *

frente

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) front

2 MILITAR front, front line

► nombre femenino

1 ANATOMÍA forehead

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

al frente de (delante) at the head of 2 (hacia delante) ahead

arrugar la frente to frown

chocar de frente to crash head on

con la frente muy alta with one's head up high

de frente (hacia adelante) straight ahead 2 (sin rodeos) straight

frente a (enfrente de) in front of, opposite 2 (en contra de) against 3 (en presencia de) in the presence of

frente a frente face to face

hacer frente a alguien to challenge somebody, face up to somebody

hacer frente a algo to face something, face up to something

no tener dos dedos de frente to be as thick as two short planks

ponerse al frente de algo to take command of something

* * *

noun f.

1) front

2) brow, forehead

* * *

1.

SF (Anat) forehead, brow liter

• arrugar la frente — to frown, knit one's brow

- adornar la frente a algn

- con la frente muy alta

- lo lleva escrito en la frente

- frente a frente
dedo
2. SM

1) (=parte delantera) front

• al frente — in front

un ejército con su capitán al frente — an army led by its captain, an army with its captain at the front

• al frente de, entró en Madrid al frente de las tropas — he led the troops into Madrid, he entered Madrid at the head of his troops

el Madrid sigue al frente de la clasificación — Madrid still lead the table o are still top of the league

espero seguir al frente del festival — I hope to continue as director of the festival

estuvo al frente del Ministerio de Industria — he was Minister for Industry

un concierto con Herbert Von Karajan al frente de la Filarmónica de Berlín — a concert by the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Herbert Von Karajan

• en frente, la casa de en frente — the house opposite

• hacer frente a — [+ crisis, problemas] to tackle; [+ situación, realidad] to face up to

hay que hacer frente a las dificultades — we have to tackle the problems

tenemos que hacer frente a grandes gastos — we are facing considerable expenses

• frente por frente, vivimos frente por frente — we live directly opposite each other

está frente por frente del cine — it's directly opposite the cinema

frente de arranque, frente de trabajo — (Min) coalface

2)

• de frente, atacar de frente — to make a frontal attack

chocar de frente — to crash head-on

ir de frente — to go forward

mirar de frente — to look (straight) ahead

seguir de frente — to go straight on, go straight ahead

viene un coche de frente — there's a car heading straight for us

3) (Mil, Pol) front

• formar o hacer un frente común con algn — to form a united front with sb

han formado un frente contra la corrupción — they have formed an alliance against corruption

frente de batalla — battle front

frente del oeste — western front

Frente Polisario — Polisario Front

frente popular — popular front

frente unido — united front

4) (Meteo) front

frente cálido — warm front

frente frío — cold front

5)

• frente a —

a) (=enfrente de) opposite

frente al hotel hay un banco — there's a bank opposite the hotel

ella está frente a mí — she is facing o opposite me

el barco encalló frente a la costa irlandesa — the boat ran aground off the Irish coast

b) (=en presencia de)

frente a las cámaras — in front of the cameras

me encontré frente a una situación difícil — I found myself facing a difficult situation

ceder frente a una amenaza — to give way to o in the face of a threat

c) (=en oposición a)

el euro sigue fuerte frente al dólar — the euro remains strong against the dollar

logró un 39% de los votos, frente al 49% de 1990 — she got 39% of the vote, as against 49% in 1990

empataron frente al Santander — they drew against o with Santander

frente a lo que pensaba, eran franceses — in contrast to what I thought, they were French

6)

• frente mío/ suyo — esp Cono Sur * in front of me/you, opposite me/you

* * *
I
femenino forehead, brow (liter)

arrugó la frente — she frowned

una frente despejada or ancha — a broad forehead

con la frente bien alta or en alto — with one's head held high
II
masculino

1)

a) ( de edificio) front, facade (frml)

hacer(le) frente a algo — (a la realidad, una responsabilidad) to face up to something; (a gastos, obligaciones) to meet something

le hizo frente a la vida por sus propios medios — she stood on her own two feet

hacerle frente a alguien — (a enemigo, atacante) to face somebody

b) (en locs)

al frente: dio un paso al frente she took a step forward; la Orquesta Sinfónica, con López Morán al frente the Symphony Orchestra, conducted by López Morán; desfilaron llevando al frente el emblema de la paz they marched behind the symbol of peace; vive al frente (Chi) she lives opposite; pasar al frente (AmL) to come/go up to the front; al frente de: están al frente de la clasificación they are at the top of the table; iba al frente de la patrulla he was leading the patrol; está al frente de la empresa she is in charge of the company; de frente: chocaron de frente they crashed head on; una foto de frente a full-face photo; no entra de frente it won't go in front on; de frente a (AmL) facing; frente a opposite; viven frente a mi casa they live opposite me; el hotel está frente al mar the hotel faces the sea; estamos frente a un grave problema we are faced with a serious problem; se mantiene estable frente al dólar — it is holding up against the dollar

2)

a) (Meteo) front

b) ( en una guerra) front

sin novedad en el frente — (fr hecha, hum) all quiet on that front (colloq & hum)

un frente de acción contra la droga — a campaign to combat drugs

c) (Pol) ( agrupación) front

el frente de liberación — the liberation front

hacer (un) frente común — to form a united front

•

- frente de batalla

* * *
I
femenino forehead, brow (liter)

arrugó la frente — she frowned

una frente despejada or ancha — a broad forehead

con la frente bien alta or en alto — with one's head held high
II
masculino

1)

a) ( de edificio) front, facade (frml)

hacer(le) frente a algo — (a la realidad, una responsabilidad) to face up to something; (a gastos, obligaciones) to meet something

le hizo frente a la vida por sus propios medios — she stood on her own two feet

hacerle frente a alguien — (a enemigo, atacante) to face somebody

b) (en locs)

al frente: dio un paso al frente she took a step forward; la Orquesta Sinfónica, con López Morán al frente the Symphony Orchestra, conducted by López Morán; desfilaron llevando al frente el emblema de la paz they marched behind the symbol of peace; vive al frente (Chi) she lives opposite; pasar al frente (AmL) to come/go up to the front; al frente de: están al frente de la clasificación they are at the top of the table; iba al frente de la patrulla he was leading the patrol; está al frente de la empresa she is in charge of the company; de frente: chocaron de frente they crashed head on; una foto de frente a full-face photo; no entra de frente it won't go in front on; de frente a (AmL) facing; frente a opposite; viven frente a mi casa they live opposite me; el hotel está frente al mar the hotel faces the sea; estamos frente a un grave problema we are faced with a serious problem; se mantiene estable frente al dólar — it is holding up against the dollar

2)

a) (Meteo) front

b) ( en una guerra) front

sin novedad en el frente — (fr hecha, hum) all quiet on that front (colloq & hum)

un frente de acción contra la droga — a campaign to combat drugs

c) (Pol) ( agrupación) front

el frente de liberación — the liberation front

hacer (un) frente común — to form a united front

•

- frente de batalla

* * *

frente¹

¹ = brow, forehead.

Nota: De la cabeza.

Ex: I can see a staff member in a sitting position with hand held on the brow covering the eye vision and engrossed in reading.

Ex: The camera hound of the future wears on his forehead a lump a little larger than a walnut.

* con el sudor de + Posesivo + frente = by the sweat of + Posesivo + brow.

* con la frente en alto = stand + tall.

* dinero ganado con el sudor de la frente = hard-earned money.

* ganarse el pan con el sudor de la frente = earn + Posesivo + daily bread with the sweat of + Posesivo + brow.

* no tener dos dedos de frente = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.

* sudor de la frente = sweat of the brow.

frente²

² = front.

Ex: In addition, one must not forget such mundane matters as door bells ( front and back), a closing bell, fire bells, security alarms and possibly others all of which must be noticeably different.

* al frente de = in the forefront of/in, in charge (of), at the forefront of.

* choque de frente = head-on collision.

* dar un paso al frente = step up.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* hacia el frente = ahead.

* mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.

* mirar al frente = look + straight ahead.

* poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.

* viento de frente = headwind.

frente³

³ = front.

Ex: Present auguries on the resource front are not good.

* frente cálido = warm front.

* frente de altas presiones = ridge of high pressure.

* frente de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure.

* frente de batalla, el = battlefront, the.

* frente de guerra, el = war front, the.

* frente de investigación = research front.

* frente frío = cold front.

* frente glacial = cold front.

* frente metereológico = weather front.

* frente occidental, el = Western Front, the.

* hacer un frente común = stand up as + one.

* presentar un frente común = present + common front.

frente⁴

= against.

Ex: Against this proliferation of hosts there is a distinct awareness amongst users of the need for the rationalisation.

* en frente = ahead, in front.

* en frente de = in front of.

* frente a = opposite, versus (vs - abreviatura), outside, in the face of.

* frente a la playa = beachfront.

* frente al mar = on the seafront, seafront, beachfront.

* frente al océano = oceanfront.

* hacer frente = combat, come to + terms with, contain, address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on, engage.

* hacer frente a = confront, deal with, face, face up to, meet, cope with, stand up to, brave, breast, address.

* hacer frente a deudas = meet + debts.

* hacer frente a gastos = meet + expenses.

* hacer frente a la delincuencia = tackle + crime.

* hacer frente a la inflación = combat + inflation.

* hacer frente a la realidad = confront + reality, face + (the) facts, face + (up to) the fact that, face + reality.

* hacer frente a la realidad (de que) = face + the truth (that).

* hacer frente a las diferencias = face + differences.

* hacer frente a la situación = tackle + situation.

* hacer frente a la vida = cope.

* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.

* hacer frente al futuro = face up to + the future.

* hacer frente al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.

* hacer frente a los elementos = brave + the elements.

* hacer frente a los hechos = face + facts.

* hacer frente a tiempos difíciles = cope with + difficult times.

* hacer frente a una amenaza = address + threat.

* hacer frente a una crisis = face + crisis, meet + crisis.

* hacer frente a una incertidumbre = meet + uncertainty.

* hacer frente a una necesidad = meet + need, serve + need.

* hacer frente a una responsabilidad = meet + responsibility, face up to + responsibility.

* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.

* hacer frente a un gasto = meet + cost.

* hacer frente a un problema = attack + problem, combat + problem, wrestle with + problem.

* hacer frente a un reto = rise (up) to + challenge, confront + challenge, meet + challenge, embrace + challenge.

* superarse para hacer frente a Algo = rise to + meet.

* * *

frente¹

feminine

[ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]

forehead, brow ( liter)

arrugó la frente extrañada she gave a puzzled frown, she knitted her brow in puzzlement

tiene la frente despejada or ancha he has a broad forehead

con la frente bien alta or en alto or levantada with one's head held high

frente²

masculine

A

1 (de un edificio) front, facade ( frml)

unos reflectores iluminaban todo el frente the whole facade was lit up by spotlights

pintaron el frente de la casa they painted the front of the house

hacer(le) frente a algo/algn to face up to sth/sb

hay que hacer frente a la realidad you must face up to reality

le hizo frente a la vida por sus propios medios she stood on her own two feet

no puede hacer frente a sus obligaciones he is unable to meet his obligations

2 ( en locs):

al frente: dio un paso al frente she took a step forward, she stepped forward one pace

la Orquesta Sinfónica, con López Morán al frente the Symphony Orchestra, conducted by o under the direction of López Morán

desfilaron llevando al frente el emblema de la paz they marched behind the symbol of peace

vive al frente ( Chi); she lives opposite

cruzó al frente para no saludarme ( Chi); he crossed the road to avoid speaking to me

pasar al frente ( AmL); to come/go up to the front

al frente de: están al frente de la clasificación they are at the top of the table, they lead o head the division

iba al frente de la patrulla he was leading the patrol

puso a su hija al frente de la empresa he put his daughter in charge of the company

de frente: los dos vehículos chocaron de frente the two vehicles crashed head on

una foto de frente a full-face photo

no entra de frente it won't go in front on o frontways

de frente a ( AmL); facing

se puso de frente a la clase she stood facing the class

frente a opposite

viven justo frente a mi casa they live directly opposite me

se detuvo frente al museo he stopped in front of o opposite the museum

el hotel está frente al mar the hotel faces the sea

estamos frente a un grave problema we are faced with a serious problem, we have a serious problem on our hands

se tomarán medidas frente al grave problema de la droga measures will be taken to confront the serious drug problem

se mantiene estable frente al dólar it is holding up o remaining stable against the dollar

hay 150, frente a las 120 del año pasado there are 150, compared to o as against 120 last year

frente a frente face to face

cuando estuvimos frente a frente no supimos qué decir when we met face to face we didn't know what to say to each other

le dije frente a frente lo que pensaba de él I told him to his face what I thought of him

frente por frente: la iglesia y el colegio están frente por frente the church and the school are right o directly opposite each other

B

1 ( Meteo) front

2 (en una guerra) front

sin novedad en el frente (fr hecha, hum); all quiet on that front ( colloq hum)

han convertido las aulas en un frente de contiendas políticas they have turned the classrooms into political battlegrounds

un frente de acción contra la droga a campaign to combat drugs

3 ( Pol) (agrupación) front

pertenece al frente de liberación she belongs to the liberation front

hacer (un) frente común to form a united front

* * *

frente sustantivo femenino
forehead, brow (liter);
◊ arrugar la frente to frown

■ sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( de edificio) front, facade (frml);

◊ hacer(le) frente a algo (a la realidad, una responsabilidad) to face up to sth;

(a gastos, obligaciones) to meet sth;
◊ hacerle frente a algn (a enemigo, atacante) to face sb

b) ( en locs)

◊ al frente: dar un paso al frente to take a step forward;

vive al frente (Chi) she lives opposite;
estar al frente de algo ( de una clasificación) to be at the top of sth;

( de una empresa) to be in charge of sth;
◊ de frente ‹ chocar› head on;

una foto de frente a full-face photo;
de frente a (AmL) facing;
frente a opposite;
estamos frente a un grave problema we are faced with a serious problem
2 (Meteo, Mil, Pol) front
frente
I sustantivo masculino
1 front: los soldados se marchan al frente mañana, the soldiers are leaving for the front tomorrow
2 (fachada) front, facade: el frente del hotel da al Paseo del Prado, the front of the hotel faces the Paseo del Prado
II f Anat forehead
♦ Locuciones: hacer frente a algo, to face something, stand up to something
al frente de, at the head of
de frente, (hacia delante) ahead
(frontalmente) head-on
frente a, in front of, opposite
frente a frente, face-to-face
tener dos dedos de frente, to have common sense
' frente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
arrugarse
- copete
- dedo
- desafiar
- enfrentar
- escrita
- escrito
- fomento
- juramentar
- miliciana
- miliciano
- nacional
- penetrar
- salida
- salido
- saliente
- sudor
- testuz
- valor
- ante
- brecha
- chocar
- dar
- enjugar
- reaccionar
- recurrir
- rozar
- tomar
- tormenta
English:
brow
- collide
- confront
- cushion
- dissenter
- face
- forehead
- front
- head-on
- mop
- music
- off
- opposite
- pucker
- self-conscious
- shortfall
- stand up
- thick
- across
- amenable
- brave
- cover
- forefront
- give
- hard
- head
- lose
- meet
- picket
- present
- stand
- straight
- trickle

* * *

frente

♦ nf

forehead;

arrugar la frente to knit one's brow, to frown;

frente a frente face to face;

Comp

ir con la frente muy alta to hold one's head high

♦ nm

1. [parte delantera] front;

el frente de la casa está pintado de amarillo the front of the house is painted yellow;

que den un paso al frente los voluntarios could the volunteers please step forward?;

su hermano está al frente de la compañía her brother is in charge of the company;

marchaba al frente de los manifestantes she was marching at the front of o leading the demonstration;

el Académico sigue al frente de la liga Académico are still top of the league;
Am
pasar al frente [en clase] to come to the front of the class [to recite a lesson];

de frente [hacia delante] forwards;
[uno contra otro] head-on;
chocaron de frente they collided head-on, they were involved in a head-on collision;

me encontré de frente con él I found myself face to face with him;

abordar un problema de frente to tackle a problem head-on;
Am
de frente a facing;

se puso de frente a la casa he stood facing the house;

hay una panadería en frente there's a baker's opposite;

en frente de mi casa opposite my house;

frente a [enfrente de] opposite;

se encuentra frente a él she's opposite him

2. Mil front;

murió en el frente he died on the front;

hacer o [m5] formar frente común to make common cause

Comp
frente de batalla battlefront
3. Meteo front

Comp
frente cálido warm front;
frente frío cold front

4. [grupo, organización] front

Comp
Frente Amplio = coalition of left-wing Uruguayan political parties;
frente popular popular front;

Frente Sandinista (de Liberación Nacional) Sandinista (National Liberation) Front

5.
hacer frente a algo [enfrentarse a algo] to face up to sth, to tackle sth;

hicieron frente a la situación they faced up to the situation;

hacer frente a un problema to tackle a problem

♦ prep

1 [de cara a]
estamos frente a una revolución científica we are facing a scientific revolution;

frente a la injusticia es necesario actuar we must act to combat injustice;

frente a las duras críticas de la oposición… in the face of harsh criticism from the opposition…

2 [en contraste con]
frente al cielo nublado de ayer, hoy tendremos sol unlike yesterday, when it was cloudy, today it will be sunny;

frente a los habitantes de la costa, los del interior… compared to people who live on the coast, those who live inland…

* * *

frente

I f forehead;

con la frente alta/erguida fig with (one’s) head held high;

lo lleva escrito en la frente fig it’s written all over him

II m

1 MIL, METEO front

2 en locuciones

:

de frente colisión head-on;

de frente al grupo L.Am. facing the group;

foto de frente head and shoulders photograph;

frente a frente fig face to face;

estar al frente de algo head sth, lead sth;

hacer frente a situación face up to; deudas meet, be able to pay;

ponte más al frente move further forward, move closer to the front;

ponerse al frente de la situación fig take charge (of the situation)

III prp

:

frente a opposite;

estar frente a crisis be faced with, be facing

* * *

frente nm

1) : front

al frente de: at the head of

en frente: in front, opposite

2) : facade

3) : front line, sphere of activity

4) : front (in meteorology)

frente frío: cold front

5)

hacer frente a : to face up to, to brave

frente nf

1) : forehead, brow

2)

frente a frente : face to face

* * *

frente n

1. (en meteorología, guerra) front

un frente frío a cold front

2. (de la cara) forehead

tiene la frente amplia he has a high forehead

al frente (hacia delante) forward (al mando) in charge

de frente head on

hacer frente a algo to face up to something

hacer frente a alguien to stand up to somebody [pt. & pp. stood]

Spanish-English dictionary > frente
16 lunfardo

m.

thief.

* * *

lunfardo

► nombre masculino

1 Buenos Aires slang

* * *

SM

1) Arg local slang of Buenos Aires

2) Cono Sur criminal slang, language of the underworld

* * *

masculino Buenos Aires slang

* * *

masculino Buenos Aires slang

* * *

lunfardo¹ -da

adjective

Buenos Aires slang ( before n)

lunfardo²

masculine

lunfardo (↑ lunfardo a1)

Buenos Aires slang

CULTURAL NOTE

lunfardo

A form of Buenos Aires slang that originated in the underworld. It draws on many languages, including Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, German, and several African languages. It has found its way into popular songs and theater. Lunfardo words in standard colloquial speech are: morfar (to eat), güita (money), and mina (woman).

* * *

lunfardo sustantivo masculino
Buenos Aires slang

* * *

lunfardo nm

= working-class Buenos Aires slang

LUNFARDO

Lunfardo was the lower-class slang of Buenos Aires in the early years of the 20th century. It was heavily influenced by the speech of the Italian immigrants who arrived in Argentina in huge numbers around the turn of the century. Its vocabulary was popularized through the words of tango music, and many terms have entered popular speech throughout the River Plate region. Despite its humble origins, lunfardo is now widely regarded as a fundamental part of the cultural heritage of Buenos Aires, and an academy dedicated to its study was founded in 1962. Nowadays it survives more in the words of classic tango songs than in daily use. Nevertheless, one of the typical features of lunfardo persists in popular speech – the inversion of the syllables in a standard Spanish word. Thus one can hear “lorca” used instead of “calor” or “ofri” instead of “frío”, and this can be applied to almost any word.

* * *

lunfardo

m Arg: slang used in Buenos Aires

Spanish-English dictionary > lunfardo
17 simpatía

f.

1 charm, liking, friendliness, attractiveness.

2 fellow feeling, congeniality, congenialness, sympathy.

* * *

simpatía

► nombre femenino

1 (cordialidad) affection ( por, for), liking ( por, for)

2 (amabilidad) warmth, pleasantness

■ la simpatía no es su punto fuerte pleasantness isn't one of his strong points

3 (afinidad) affinity ( por, with)

4 (solidaridad) sympathy ( por, towards), solidarity ( con, with)

5 MEDICINA sympathy

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

cogerle simpatía a alguien to take a liking to somebody

ganarse las simpatías de alguien to win somebody's affection

tener simpatía a alguien to be very fond of somebody

simpatías y antipatías likes and dislikes

* * *

SF

1) (=afecto)

son muestras de simpatía hacia o por la víctima — it's a show of sympathy towards the victim

coger simpatía a algn — to take a liking to sb

ganarse la simpatía de todos — to win everybody's affection

tener simpatía a algn, sentir simpatía hacia o por algn — to like sb

no le tenemos simpatía en absoluto — we don't like him at all

no tiene simpatías en el colegio — nobody at school likes him

simpatías y antipatías — likes and dislikes

2) (=cordialidad) friendly nature, friendliness

su simpatía nos cautivó — we were charmed by her friendly nature o friendliness

la famosa simpatía andaluza — that famous Andalusian friendliness

tener (mucha) simpatía — to be (very) likeable o nice

3) pl simpatías (Pol) sympathies

sus simpatías se decantan por los socialistas — his sympathies lie with the socialists

4) (Fís, Med) sympathy

explosión por simpatía — secondary explosion

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de una persona) friendliness

los conquistó a todos con su simpatía — she won everyone over with her warm, friendly personality

b) ( sentimiento)

se ganó or granjeó la(s) simpatía(s) de todos — everyone came to like him

no le tengo mucha simpatía — I don't really like him

2) (Fís, Med) sympathy

3) simpatías femenino plural (Pol) sympathies (pl)

simpatías POR algo: sus simpatías por la izquierda — her left-wing sympathies

* * *

= friendliness.

Ex. Scenes that include conflict, emotions, prejudices, misunderstandings, and unreasonableness but also kindliness, humor, friendliness, and goodwill are acted out daily in different kinds of libraries.

----

* tener simpatía por = have + warm feelings towards, have + warm feelings towards.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de una persona) friendliness

los conquistó a todos con su simpatía — she won everyone over with her warm, friendly personality

b) ( sentimiento)

se ganó or granjeó la(s) simpatía(s) de todos — everyone came to like him

no le tengo mucha simpatía — I don't really like him

2) (Fís, Med) sympathy

3) simpatías femenino plural (Pol) sympathies (pl)

simpatías POR algo: sus simpatías por la izquierda — her left-wing sympathies

* * *

= friendliness.

Ex: Scenes that include conflict, emotions, prejudices, misunderstandings, and unreasonableness but also kindliness, humor, friendliness, and goodwill are acted out daily in different kinds of libraries.

* tener simpatía por = have + warm feelings towards, have + warm feelings towards.

* * *

simpatía

feminine

A

1

(de una persona): pronto los conquistó a todos con su simpatía she soon won them all over with her warm and friendly personality, she's so nice o likable that she soon won them all over

los andaluces son famosos por su simpatía the Andalusians are famous for their friendliness o warmth o ( frml) congeniality

2

(sentimiento): enseguida se ganó or granjeó la(s) simpatía(s) de todos everyone soon came to like him, everyone soon took to him

no le tengo mucha simpatía a José I don't really like José

B ( Fís, Med) sympathy

C simpatías fpl ( Pol) sympathies (pl) simpatías POR algo:

son conocidas sus simpatías por la izquierda her left-wing sympathies are well known

* * *

simpatía sustantivo femenino
a) ( de una persona) friendliness

b) ( sentimiento):

◊ se ganó la(s) simpatía(s) de todos everyone came to like him;

no le tengo mucha simpatía I don't really like him
simpatía sustantivo femenino
1 (aprecio) affection, liking: se ganó nuestra simpatía, he won our affection
no le tiene mucha simpatía, he doesn't like him
2 (atractivo) charm, friendliness
3 Fís Med sympathy
' simpatía' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
chispa
- derramar
- ganar
- identificarse
- conquistar
- irradiar
English:
best
- friendliness
- liking
- popular
- shine
- unsympathetic
- vicarious
- warm
- ooze
- pleasantly

* * *

simpatía nf

1. [cordialidad] friendliness

2. [cariño] affection;

un actor que despierta muchas simpatías a well-liked actor;

tomar o Esp [m5] coger simpatía a alguien to take a liking to sb;

ganarse o [m5] granjearse la simpatía de to win the affection of;

inspirar simpatía to inspire affection;

tener simpatía a, sentir simpatía por to like

3.
simpatías [apoyo] sympathy;

de todos son conocidas sus simpatías por el régimen her sympathies for the regime are well known

4. Anat sympathy

* * *

simpatía

f warmth, friendliness

* * *

simpatía nf

1) : liking, affection

tomarle simpatía a: to take a liking to

2) : warmth, friendliness

3) : support, solidarity

* * *

simpatía n

cae bien a todo el mundo por su simpatía everyone likes her because she's so friendly

tener simpatía a alguien to like somebody

Spanish-English dictionary > simpatía
18 tirage

tirage [tiʀaʒ]

1. masculine noun

   a. (Photography, typography) ( = action) printing ; ( = épreuve) print

   b. [de journal] circulation ; [de livre] ( = nombre d'exemplaires) print run ; ( = édition) edition

• tirage de luxe/limité de luxe/limited edition

• quel est le tirage de cet ouvrage ? how many copies of this work were printed?

   c. [de cheminée] draught (Brit), draft (US)

   d. [de loterie] draw

• le tirage des numéros gagnants the draw for the winning numbers

2. compounds

► tirage au sort drawing lots

• procéder par tirage au sort to draw lots

• le gagnant sera désigné par tirage au sort the winner will be chosen by drawing lots

* * *
tiʀaʒ
nom masculin

1) ( à la loterie)

tirage (au sort) — draw

désigner par tirage (au sort) — to draw [nom, vainqueur]

2) (impression, réimpression) impression; ( ensemble des exemplaires) edition; ( nombre d'exemplaires) ( d'un livre) run; ( d'un journal) circulation

troisième tirage — third impression

quotidien à grand tirage — mass-circulation daily

3) Informatique ( copie papier) hard copy

4) Art, Cinéma, Photographie (d'estampe, de négatif) ( processus) printing [U]; ( résultat) print

5) Construction, Bâtiment ( de cheminée) draught GB, draft US

6) ( désaccord) friction [U]

il y a du tirage entre eux — there's friction between them

* * *
tiʀaʒ nm
1) PHOTOGRAPHIE print

2) [journal] circulation

à gros tirage (journal, magazine) — with a wide circulation

3) [livre] (= nombre d'exemplaires) print-run, run, (= édition) edition

4) INFORMATIQUE printout

5) TYPOGRAPHIE (= action) printing

6) [cheminée] draught Grande-Bretagne draft USA

7) [loterie] draw

* * *

tirage nm

1 Jeux tirage (au sort) draw; tirage hebdomadaire/spécial weekly/special draw; désigner par tirage (au sort) to draw [nom, vainqueur]; le tirage (au sort) a désigné le Danemark contre l'Angleterre Denmark has been drawn against England;

2 Édition, Imprim, Presse (impression, réimpression) impression; ( nombre) ( de livres) run; ( de journaux) circulation; troisième tirage third impression; quotidien à grand tirage mass-circulation daily; tirage limité/numéroté limited/numbered edition;

3 Ordinat ( copie papier) hard copy;

4 Art, Cin, Phot (d'estampe, de négatif) ( processus) printing ¢; ( résultat) print; un beau tirage a fine print;

5 Constr ( de cheminée) draught GB, draft US;

6 ( désaccord) friction ¢; il ya du tirage entre eux there's friction between them.

Composés

tirage en fac-similé facsimile edition; tirage de luxe de luxe edition; tirage de tête advance issue.

[tiraʒ] nom masculin

1. IMPRIMERIE [action] printing

[ensemble d'exemplaires] print run, impression

[d'une gravure] edition

un tirage de 50 000 exemplaires a print run of 50,000

écrivain qui fait de gros tirages bestselling author

tirage limité/numéroté limited/numbered edition

tirage à part offprint

2. PRESSE [action] printing, running

[exemplaires mis en vente] circulation

un tirage de 50 000 circulation figures ou a circulation of 50,000

à fort ou grand tirage with large circulation figures

la presse à grand tirage the popular press

3. INFORMATIQUE [sur imprimante] printout

4. PHOTOGRAPHIE [action] printing

[copies] prints

5. BANQUE drawing

droits de tirage spéciaux ÉCONOMIE special drawing rights

6. JEUX [d'une carte] taking, picking

[d'une tombola] draw

tirage au sort drawing of lots

nous t'avons désigné par tirage au sort we drew lots and your name came up

7. [d'une cheminée, d'un poêle] draught

le tirage est bon/mauvais it draws well/doesn't draw well

8. MÉTALLURGIE drawing

9. (familier & locution)

il y a du tirage entre eux there's some friction between them

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > tirage
19 prensa,2 la

= press, the.

Nota: Expresión usualmente acompañada del artículo.

Ex. The rows over Britain's contributions to the Community budget and runaway spending on the the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which took up two thirds of the budget, were documented blow by blow in the press.

----

* archivo de prensa = newspaper morgue.

* archivo de recortes de prensa = newspaper clippings archives.

* colección de prensa = newspaper collection.

* comentario aparecido en la prensa = press comment.

* comunicado de prensa = press release, news release, media releases.

* conferencia de prensa = news conference, press conference, press statement.

* declaración de prensa = press statement.

* directorio de prensa = press directory.

* fotógrafo de prensa = press photographer.

* industria de la prensa, la = newspaper industry, the.

* jefe de prensa = press officer.

* libertad de prensa = freedom of the press, press freedom.

* nota de prensa = press release, press statement.

* oficina de prensa = press office.

* prensa amarilla = tabloid, newspaper tabloid, tabloid newspaper.

* prensa amarilla, la = tabloid press, the, popular press, the.

* prensa bibliotecaria, la = library press, the.

* prensa de economía, la = business press, the.

* prensa diaria, la = daily press, the.

* prensa histórica = old newspapers.

* prensa local, la = local press, the.

* prensa sensacionalista, la = tabloid press, the.

* publicidad a través de la prensa = press advertising.

* quiosco de prensa = newsagent, newsstand, newspaper stall.

* recibir mala prensa = acquire + a bad name.

* recorte de prensa = press cutting [press-cutting], press clipping, newspaper clipping.

* reseña de prensa = press review.

* restricción a la publicación en prensa = press restriction.

* reunión informativa de prensa = press briefing.

* rueda de prensa = press conference, news conference.

* secretario de prensa = press secretary, press spokesman.

* tribuna de prensa, la = press box, the.

Spanish-English dictionary > prensa,2 la
20 grand

grand, e [gʀɑ̃, gʀɑ̃d]

1. adjective

   a. ( = de haute taille) tall

   b. ( = plus âgé) son grand frère his older or big (inf) brother

• ils ont deux grands enfants they have two grown-up children

• quand il sera grand [enfant] when he grows up

• il est assez grand pour savoir he's old enough to know

• tu es grand/grande maintenant you're a big boy/girl now

   c. (en dimensions) big, large ; [bras, distance, voyage, enjambées] long ; [avenue, marge] wide

• ouvrir de grands yeux to open one's eyes wide

• l'amour avec un grand A love with a capital L

   d. (en nombre, en quantité) [vitesse, poids, valeur, puissance] great ; [nombre, quantité] large ; [famille] large, big

• la grande majorité des gens the great majority of people

   e. ( = intense) [bruit, cri] loud ; [froid, chaleur] intense ; [vent] strong ; [danger, plaisir, pauvreté] great

• avec un grand rire with a loud laugh

• à ma grande surprise to my great surprise

   f. ( = riche, puissant) [pays, firme, banquier, industriel] leading

   g. ( = important) great ; [ville, travail] big

• je t'annonce une grande nouvelle ! I've got some great news!

• c'est un grand jour pour nous this is a great day for us

   h. ( = principal) main

• c'est la grande nouvelle du jour it's the main news of the day

• la grande difficulté consiste à... the main difficulty lies in...

   i. (intensif) [travailleur, collectionneur, ami, rêveur] great ; [buveur, fumeur] heavy ; [mangeur] big

• un grand verre d'eau a large glass of water

• les grands malades the very ill

• un grand invalide a seriously disabled person

   j. ( = remarquable) great

• un grand vin a great wine

• une grande année a vintage year

• c'est du grand jazz (inf) it's jazz at its best

   k. ( = de gala) [réception, dîner] grand

• en grande pompe with great pomp

   l. ( = noble) [âme] noble ; [pensée, principe] lofty

   m. ( = exagéré) faire de grandes phrases to voice high-flown sentiments

• tous ces grands discours all these high-flown speeches

   n. ( = beaucoup de) cela te fera (le plus) grand bien it'll do you the world of good

• grand bien vous fasse ! much good may it do you!

2. adverb

   a. (en taille) ces sandales chaussent grand these sandals are big-fitting (Brit) or run large (US)

   b. ( = largement) ouvrir (en) grand [+ porte] to open wide ; [+ robinet] to turn full on

• la fenêtre était grand(e) ouverte the window was wide open

• voir grand to think big

• il a vu trop grand he was over-ambitious

• il fait toujours les choses en grand he always does things on a large scale

3. masculine noun

   a. ( = élève) senior boy

• jeu pour petits et grands game for old and young alike

   b. (terme d'affection) viens, mon grand come here, son

   c. ( = personne puissante) les grands de ce monde men in high places

• Alexandre le Grand Alexander the Great

4. feminine noun

grande

   a. ( = élève) senior girl

• elle parle comme une grande she talks like a much older child

   b. (terme d'affection) ma grande (my) dear

5. compounds

► la grande Bleue or bleue the Med (inf)

► grande personne grown-up

► la grande vie the good life

• mener la grande vie to live the good life

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

GRANDES ÉCOLES

The grandes écoles are competitive-entrance higher education establishments where engineering, business administration and other subjects are taught to a very high standard. The most prestigious include « l'École Polytechnique » (engineering), the three « Écoles normales supérieures » (arts and sciences), « l'ÉNA » (the civil service college), and « HEC » (business administration).

Pupils prepare for entrance to the grandes écoles after their « baccalauréat » in two years of « classes préparatoires ». → CLASSES PRÉPARATOIRES CONCOURS ÉCOLE NATIONALE D'ADMINISTRATION

* * *

1.

grande gʀɑ̃, gʀɑ̃d adjectif

1) ( de dimensions importantes) ( en hauteur) tall; (en longueur, durée) long; ( en largeur) wide; (en étendue, volume) big

plus grand que nature — larger than life

ouvrir de grands yeux — to open one's eyes wide

2) (nombreux, abondant) large, big

pas grand monde — not many people

il fait grand jour — it's broad daylight

laver à grande eau — to wash [something] in plenty of running water [légumes]; to wash [something] down [sol]

3) ( à un degré élevé) [rêveur, collectionneur, ami] great; [tricheur, joueur] big; [buveur, fumeur] heavy

c'est un grand timide — he's very shy

les grands malades — very sick people

les grands blessés — the seriously injured

4) ( important) [découverte, expédition, nouvelle] great; [date] important; [rôle] major; [problème, décision] big

c'est un grand jour pour elle — it's a big day for her

la grande majorité — the great ou vast majority

5) ( principal) main

les grandes lignes d'une politique — the broad lines of a policy

6) ( de premier plan) [société, marque] leading

les grandes industries — the big industries

7) (brillant, remarquable) [peintre, vin, cause] great; [cœur, âme] noble

c'est un grand homme — he's a great man

Louis le Grand — Louis the Great; esprit

8) ( âgé) [frère, sœur] elder; [élève] senior GB, older; ( adulte)

les grandes personnes — grown-ups

les grandes classes — École the senior forms GB, the upper classes US

une grande fille comme toi! — a big girl like you!

assez grand pour faire — old enough to do

9) ( qualifiant une mesure) [hauteur, longueur, distance, valeur] great; [pointure, quantité, étendue] large; [vitesse] high

il est grand temps que tu partes — it's high time you went

10) (extrême, fort) [bonté, amitié, danger, intérêt] great; [bruit] loud; [froid] severe; [chaleur] intense; [vent] strong, high; [tempête] big, violent

d'une grande timidité — very shy

à ma grande surprise — much to my surprise

sans grand espoir — without much hope

ça te ferait le plus grand bien — it would do you a world of good

à grands cris — loudly; cas, remède

11) ( de rang social élevé) [famille, nom] great

la grande bourgeoisie — the upper middle class

12) ( grandiose) [réception, projet] grand

avoir grande allure — to look very impressive

13) ( emphatique) [mot] big; [phrase] high-sounding

un grand merci — a big thank you

faire de grands gestes — to wave one's arms about

et voilà, tout de suite les grands mots — there you go, straight off the deep end

2.

nom masculin, féminin ( enfant) big boy/girl; École senior GB ou older pupil

pour les grands et les petits — for old and young alike

3.

adverbe wide

ouvrir grand les bras — to throw one's arms open

ouvrir la porte toute grande — to open the door wide

ouvrir grand ses oreilles — fig to prick up one's ears

leurs vêtements taillent grand — their clothes are cut on the large side

voir grand — to think big

4.

nom masculin

les grands de ce monde — the great and the good

les cinq grands — Politique the Big Five

les grands de l'automobile — the top car manufacturers

5.

en grand locution adverbiale

faire de l'élevage en grand — to breed animals on a large scale

faire les choses en grand — to do things on the grand scale

Phrasal Verbs:

- grand banditisme

- grand bassin

- grand couturier

- grand duc

- grand écart

- le grand écran

- grand ensemble

- grand invalide civil

- grand invalide de guerre

- le grand large

- grand magasin

- grand maître

- grand mât

- le grand monde

- le Grand Nord

- grand panda

- Grand Pardon

- grand patron

- grand prêtre

- le grand public

- grand quotidien

- grand teint

- grand tourisme

- la grande banlieue

- la grande cuisine

- grande distribution

- grande école

- la Grande Guerre

- grande gueule

- la grande muraille de Chine

- grande personne

- la grande presse

- grande puissance

- grande roue

- grande série

- grande surface

- grandes eaux

- grandes lignes

- grandes marées

- grandes ondes

- grands espaces

- grands fauves

- grands fonds

- Grands Lacs

- grands singes

* * *
ɡʀɑ̃, ɡʀɑ̃d grand, -e
1. adj

1) (= de haute taille) tall

Il est grand pour son âge. — He's tall for his age.

2) (= aîné)

son grand frère — his big brother

C'est sa grande sœur. — She's his big sister.

3) (= adulte)

une grande personne — a grown-up

Il est assez grand pour... — He's old enough to...

4) (= gros, vaste, large) big, large

une grande valise — a big suitcase

une grande maison — a big house

5) (importance, stature) great

un grand homme — a great man

un grand voyage — a long journey

C'est un grand ami à moi. — He's a great friend of mine.

les grandes vacances — the summer holidays

les grandes lignes CHEMINS DE FER — the main lines

6) (ampleur, degré)

un grand buveur — a heavy drinker

les grands blessés; Les grands blessés ont été emmenés à l'hôpital en hélicoptère. — The severely injured were taken to hospital by helicopter.

les grands brûlés — people with serious burns

un grand malade — a very sick person

le grand malade de l'Europe — the sick man of Europe

7) (intensif)

au grand jour — in broad daylight

au grand air — in the open air

Ça te fera beaucoup de bien d'être au grand air. — It'll be very good for you to be out in the open air.

de grand matin — at the crack of dawn

il est grand temps de — it's high time to

avoir grand besoin de — to be in great need of

2. adv

grand ouvert — wide open

voir grand — to think big

3. nm/f

1) (= élève, enfant) big boy, big girl

Il est chez les grands maintenant. — He's in the senior school now.

C'est une grande, elle peut y aller seule. — She's a big girl now, she can go on her own.

2) (= personnage)

les grands de ce monde — the great and the good

4. nm

en grand [ouvrir] — wide

voir les choses en grand — to think big

* * *

grand, grande

A adj

1 ( de dimensions importantes) ( en hauteur) [personne, arbre, tour, cierge] tall; (en longueur, durée) [bras, enjambée, promenade, voyage] long; ( en largeur) [angle, marge] wide; (en étendue, volume) [lac, ville, salle, trou, édifice, paquet] large, big; [tas, feu] big; ( démesuré) [pied, nez, bouche] big; un homme (très) grand a (very) tall man; un grand homme brun, un homme grand et brun a tall dark man; plus grand que nature larger than life; ouvrir de grands yeux to open one's eyes wide;

2 (nombreux, abondant) [famille, foule] large, big; [fortune] large; grande braderie big sale; pas grand monde not many people; faire de grandes dépenses to spend a lot of money; il fait grand jour it's broad daylight; laver à grande eau to wash [sth] in plenty of running water [légumes]; to wash [sth] down [sol]; à grand renfort de publicité with much publicity;

3 ( à un degré élevé) [rêveur, collectionneur, travailleur, ami, ennemi, pécheur] great; [tricheur, joueur, lâcheur, idiot] big; [buveur, fumeur] heavy; grand amateur de ballet great ballet lover; c'est un grand timide he's very shy; les grands malades very sick people; c'est un grand cardiaque he has a serious heart condition;

4 ( important) [découverte, migration, expédition, événement, nouvelle, honneur] great; [date] important; [rôle] major; [problème, décision] big; ( principal) main; c'est un grand jour pour elle it's a big day for her; une grande partie de la maison a large part of the house; une grande partie des habitants many of the inhabitants; la grande majorité the great ou vast majority; ⇒ scène;

5 ( principal) main; le grand escalier the main staircase; le grand problème/obstacle the main ou major problem/obstacle; les grands axes routiers the main ou trunk GB roads; les grands points du discours the main points of the speech; les grandes lignes d'une politique the broad lines of a policy;

6 ( de premier plan) Écon, Pol [pays, société, industriel, marque] leading; les grandes industries the big industries;

7 (brillant, remarquable) [peintre, œuvre, civilisation, vin, cause] great; [cœur, âme] noble; c'est un grand homme he's a great man; les grands écrivains great authors; un grand nom de la musique a great musician; un grand monsieur du théâtre a great gentleman of the stage; Louis/Pierre le Grand Louis/Peter the Great; les grands noms du cinéma/de la littérature indienne the big names of the cinema/of Indian literature; de grande classe [produit] high-class; [exploit] admirable; ⇒ esprit;

8 ( âgé) [frère, sœur] elder; [élève] senior GB, older; ( adulte) grown-up; mon grand frère my elder brother; les grandes classes Scol the senior forms GB, the upper classes US; quand il sera grand when he grows up; mes enfants sont grands my children are quite old; une grande fille comme toi! a big girl like you!; 12 ans! tu es assez grand pour te débrouiller 12 years old! you're old enough to cope;

9 ( qualifiant une mesure) [hauteur, longueur, distance, poids, valeur, âge] great; [dimensions, taille, pointure, quantité, nombre, étendue] large; [vitesse] high; [kilomètre, mois, heure] good; il est grand temps que tu partes it's high time you were off ou you went;

10 (intense, extrême, fort) [bonté, lâcheté, pauvreté, amitié, chagrin, faim, danger, différence, intérêt] great; [bruit] great, loud; [froid] severe; [chaleur] intense; [vent] strong, high; [tempête] big, violent; avec grand plaisir with great ou much pleasure; dans le plus grand secret in great secrecy; d'une grande bêtise/timidité very ou extremely stupid/shy; à ma grande honte/surprise much to my shame/surprise; sans grand espoir/enthousiasme without much hope/enthusiasm; sans grande importance not very important; il n'y a pas grand mal à cela/à faire there isn't much harm in that/in doing; avoir grand faim/soif to be very hungry/thirsty; avoir grand besoin de to be badly in need of; ça te ferait le plus grand bien it would do you a world of good; à grands cris loudly; ⇒ cas, remède;

11 ( de rang social élevé) [famille, nom] great; grande dame great lady; la grande bourgeoisie the upper middle class;

12 ( grandiose) [réception] grand; grands projets grand designs; avoir grande allure, avoir grand air to look very impressive;

13 ( emphatique) [mot] big; [phrase] high-sounding; un grand merci a big thank you; faire de grands gestes to wave one's arms about; et voilà, tout de suite les grands mots there you go, straight off the deep end.

B nm,f

1 ( enfant) big boy/girl; Scol senior GB ou older pupil; il a fait ça tout seul comme un grand he did it all by himself like a big boy; il fait le ménage comme un grand he does the housework like a grown-up; pour les grands et les petits for old and young alike;

2 ( terme d'affection) mon grand, ma grande my darling.

C adv wide; ouvrir grand la bouche to open one's mouth wide; ouvrir tout grand les bras to throw one's arms open; les fenêtres sont grand(es) ouvertes the windows are wide open; ouvrir la porte toute grande to open the door wide; ouvrir grand ses oreilles fig to prick up one's ears; ouvrir tout grand son cœur fig to open one's heart; les bottes chaussent grand the boots are large-fitting; leurs vêtements taillent grand their clothes are cut on the large side; voir grand fig to think big.

D nm ( pays) big power; ( entreprise) leader, big name; les grands de ce monde the great and the good; Pol the world's leaders; les cinq grands Pol the Big Five; les grands de l'automobile the top car manufacturers; c'est un grand de la publicité he's big in advertising.

E en grand loc adv [ouvrir] wide, completely; faire de l'élevage en grand to breed animals on a large scale; quand ils reçoivent, ils font les choses en grand when they entertain they do things on the grand scale or they really go to town○.

Composés

grand argentier Hist royal treasurer; hum keeper of the nation's purse, Finance minister; le grand art alchemy; grand banditisme organized crime; grand bassin ( de piscine) main pool; Anat upper pelvis; grand cacatois main royal sail; grand caniche standard poodle; le grand capital Écon big money, big investors pl; grand commis de l'État top civil servant; grand coq de bruyère capercaillie; grand corbeau raven; grand couturier couturier; grand débutant absolute beginner; grand duc Zool eagle owl; grand écart Danse, Sport splits (sg); faire le grand écart to do the splits; le grand écran the big screen; grand électeur ( en France) elector who votes in the elections for the French Senate; ( aux États-Unis) presidential elector; grand ensemble high-density housing complex; la vie dans les grands ensembles high-rise living; grand d'Espagne Spanish grandee; grand foc outer jib; grand frais Météo moderate gale; grand hunier main topsail; grand hunier fixe lower main topsail; grand hunier volant upper main topsail; grand invalide civil, GIC civilian who is registered severely disabled; grand invalide de guerre, GIG Prot Soc ex-serviceman who is registered severely disabled; le grand large Naut the high seas (pl); grand magasin Comm department store; grand maître ( aux échecs) grand master; grand maître de l'ordre des Templiers Hist Grand Master of the Knights Templar; grand mât Naut mainmast; le grand monde high society; le Grand Nord Géog the Far North; Grand Œuvre Great Work; grand officier de la Légion d'Honneur high-ranking officer of the Legion of Honour^GB; le Grand Orient the Grand Lodge of France; grand panda giant panda; Grand Pardon Day of Atonement; grand patron Méd senior consultant GB, head doctor US; grand perroquet Naut main topgallant sail; grand prêtre Relig, fig high priest; grand prix Courses Aut, Sport grand prix; le grand public the general public; Comm produit grand public consumer product; grand quart Naut six-hour watch; Grand quartier général, GQG Mil General Headquarters, GHQ; grand quotidien Presse big national daily; grand roque Jeux ( aux échecs) castling long; le Grand Siècle Hist the 17th century (in France); grand teint colourfast^GB; grand tétras capercaillie; grand tourisme Courses Aut, Aut GT, gran turismo; le Grand Turc the Sultan; grand veneur Chasse master of the hounds; grande Armée Hist Grande Armée (Napoleon's army); grande Baie Australienne Géog Great Australian Bight; la grande banlieue the outer suburbs (pl); Grande Barrière (de Corail) Géog Great Barrier Reef; la grande bleue the sea; la grande cuisine Culin haute cuisine; grande distribution Écon volume retailing; grand école higher education institution; la Grande Guerre Hist the First World War; grande gueule○ loud mouth○; grande hune Naut maintop; la grande muette the army; la grande muraille de Chine Géog the Great Wall of China; grande personne grown-up, adult; la grande presse Presse the popular dailies (pl); grande puissance Pol superpower; grande roue ( de foire) big wheel GB, Ferris wheel US; grande série Comm mass production; fabriqué en grande série mass-produced; grande surface Comm supermarket; grandes eaux fountains; fig ( pleurs) waterworks; dès qu'on la gronde, ce sont les grandes eaux the minute you tell her off, she turns on the waterworks; grandes lignes Rail main train routes; grandes marées spring tides; grandes ondes Radio long wave (sg); Grandes Plaines Géog Great Plains; les grands blessés the seriously injured; grands corps de l'État Admin senior branches of the civil service; grands espaces Écol open spaces; grands fauves Zool big cats; grands fonds Naut ocean depths; les grands froids the cold of winter; Grands Lacs Géog Great Lakes; grands singes Zool great apes; ⇒ école, voyage.

ⓘ Grande école A prestigious third-level institution where admission is usually by competitive entrance examination or concours. Places are much sought after as they are widely considered to guarantee more promising career prospects than the standard university institutions. Many grandes écoles specialize in particular disciplines or fields of study, e.g. ENA, Sciences Po, etc.

( féminin grande) [grɑ̃, grɑ̃d] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [grɑ̃t]) adjectif

A.[ASPECT QUANTITATIF]

1. [de taille élevée - adulte] tall ; [ - enfant] tall, big

2. [de grandes dimensions - objet, salle, ville] big, large ; [ - distance] long

grand A/B/C capital A/B/C

une grande tour a high ou tall tower

un grand fleuve a long ou big river

une statue plus grande que nature a large-scale statue

de grandes jambes long legs

avoir de grands pieds to have big ou large feet

ses grands yeux bleus her big blue eyes

marcher à grands pas to walk with great ou long strides

3. [d'un certain âge - être humain] big

tu es un grand garçon maintenant you're a big boy now

tu es assez grand pour comprendre you're old enough to understand

[aîné - frère, sœur] big

[au terme de sa croissance - personne] grown-up ; [ - animal] fully grown, adult

quand je serai grand when I'm grown-up ou big

4. [qui dure longtemps] long

pendant un grand moment for quite some time

5. [intense, considérable] great

les risques sont grands there are considerable risks

de grande diffusion widely-distributed

une grande fortune great wealth, a large fortune

ils ont marié leur fille à grands frais they married off their daughter at great ou vast expense

rincer à grande eau to rinse thoroughly

les grands froids intense cold

pendant les grandes chaleurs in high summer, in ou at the height of summer

nous avons fait un grand feu we made a big fire

un grand incendie a major ou great fire

ce sont des articles de grande consommation they are everyday consumer articles

(à l'époque des)grandes marées (at) spring tide

au grand jour in broad daylight

6. [pour qualifier une mesure] large, great

la grande majorité de the great ou vast majority of

son grand âge explique cette erreur this mistake can be put down to her being so old

ils plongent à une grande profondeur they dive very deep ou to a great depth

un grand nombre de passagers a large number of passengers

7. [entier]

une grande cuillerée de sucre a heaped spoonful of sugar

elle m'a fait attendre une grande heure/semaine she made me wait a good hour/a good week

8. BOTANIQUE great, greater

9. GÉOGRAPHIE

le Grand Canyon the Grand Canyon

les Grands Lacs the Great Lakes

10. ZOOLOGIE

les grands animaux (the) larger animals

B.[ASPECT QUALITATIF]

1. [important] great, major

les grands problèmes de notre temps the main ou major ou key issues of our time

2. [acharné, invétéré] great, keen

c'est un grand travailleur he's a hard worker, he's hard-working

c'est une grande timide she's really shy

ce sont de grands amis they're great ou very good friends

grands fumeurs heavy smokers

les grands blessés/brûlés/invalides the seriously wounded/burned/disabled

les grands handicapés the severely handicapped

3. [puissant, influent - banque] top ; [ - industriel] top, leading, major ; [ - propriétaire, famille] important ; [ - personnage] great

4. [dans une hiérarchie]

les grands dignitaires du régime the leading ou important dignitaries of the regime

le Grand rabbin (de France) the Chief Rabbi (of France)

les grands corps de l'État the major public bodies

5. [noble]

avoir grand air ou grande allure to carry oneself well, to be imposing

6. [généralementéreux]

il a un grand cœur he's big-hearted, he has a big heart

une grande âme a noble soul

7. [exagéré] big

de grands gestes extravagant gestures

grands mots high-sounding words, high-flown language

8. [fameux, reconnu] great

un grand homme a great man

un grand journaliste a great ou top journalist

les grands textes classiques the classics

il ne descend que dans les grands hôtels he only stays in the best hotels ou the most luxurious hotels

le grand film de la soirée tonight's big ou feature film

le grand jour the big day

les grandes dates de l'histoire de France the great ou most significant dates in French history

un grand nom a great name

un grand nom de la peinture contemporaine one of today's great painters

les grands couturiers the top fashion designers

9. HISTOIRE

la Grande Catherine Catherine the Great

10. [omnipotent, suprême] great

Dieu est grand God is great

C.[EN INTENSIF]

avec une (très) grande facilité with (the greatest of) ease

sans grand enthousiasme/intérêt without much enthusiasm/interest

sa grande fierté, c'est son jardin he's very proud of ou he takes great pride in his garden

c'était un grand moment it was a great moment

un grand merci à ta sœur lots of thanks to ou a big thank you to your sister

le grand amour: c'est le grand amour! it's true love!

Robert fut son grand amour Robert was the love of her life

tu aurais grand avantage à la prévenir you'd be well advised to warn her

cette cuisine a grand besoin d'être nettoyée this kitchen really needs ou is in dire need of a clean

faire grand bien: ça m'a fait le plus grand bien it did me a power of ou the world of good

il en a pensé le plus grand bien he thought most highly of it

grand bien lui fasse! much good may it do her!

faire grand cas de to set great store by

toute la famille au grand complet the whole family, every single member of the family

jamais, au grand jamais je n'accepterai never in a million years will I accept

il n'y a pas grand mal à demander des précisions there's no harm in asking for further details

il est parti de grand matin he left at the crack of dawn

il n'y avait pas grand monde à son concert there weren't many people at his concert

pour notre plus grand plaisir to our (great) delight

prendre grand soin de to take great care of

à sa grande surprise much to his surprise, to his great surprise

il est grand temps que tu le lises it's high time you read it

————————

, grande [grɑ̃, grɑ̃d] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [grɑ̃t]) nom masculin, nom féminin

1. [enfant - d'un certain âge]

l'école des grands primary school

[en appellatif]

merci mon grand! thanks, son!

allons, ma grande, ne pleure pas! come on now, love, don't cry!

comme un grand: je me débrouillerai tout seul, comme un grand/toute seule, comme une grande I'll manage on my own, like a big boy/a big girl

2. [adulte - généralement] grown-up, adult

un jeu pour petits et grands a game for young and old (alike)

[en appellatif]

alors, ma grande, tu as pu te reposer un peu? well dear, did you manage to get some rest?

[personne de grande taille]

pour la photo, les grands se mettront derrière for the photo, tall people ou the taller people will stand at the back

————————

adverbe

1. [vêtement]

chausser grand: c'est un modèle qui chausse grand this is a large-fitting shoe

tailler grand: ça devrait vous aller, ça taille grand it should fit you, it's cut large

2. (locution)

ils ont vu trop grand they bit off more than they could chew

elle voit grand pour son fils she's got great hopes for her son

deux rôtis! tu as vu grand! two roasts! you don't do things by halves!

3. [largement]

grand ouvert wide-open

4. ART

représenter quelque chose plus grand que nature to enlarge something

————————

nom masculin

1. PHILOSOPHIE → link=infiniment infiniment

2. [entrepreneur, industriel]

un grand de la mode a leading light in the fashion business

les grands de l'automobile the major ou leading car manufacturers

————————

grands nom masculin pluriel

ÉCONOMIE & POLITIQUE

les grands [les puissants] the rich (and powerful)

les grands de ce monde the people in (positions of) power ou in high places

les deux Grands POLITIQUE the two superpowers

————————

en grand locution adverbiale

[complètement] on a large scale

il faut aérer la maison en grand the house needs a thorough ou good airing

il a fait les choses en grand (figuré) he really did things properly

grande école nom féminin

competitive-entrance higher education establishment

grand ensemble nom masculin

housing scheme (UK), housing project (US)

grande surface nom féminin

hypermarket

GRANDE ÉCOLE

The grandes écoles are relatively small and highly respected higher education establishments. Admission is usually only possible after two years of intensive preparatory studies and a competitive entrance examination. Most have close links with industry. The grandes écoles include l'École des hautes études commerciales or HEC (management and business), l'École polytechnique or l'X (engineering) and l'École normale supérieure (teacher training).

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > grand

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